Honors Chemistry Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

The Law of __ states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Conservation of Mass

The total mass of __ equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

reactants

A balanced chemical equation provides the __ between reactants and products.

mole ratio

The __ is the unit chemists use to count atoms, molecules, or formula units.

mole

__ is the mass of one mole of a substance (g/mol).

Molar Mass

The ratio of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation is the __.

Mole Ratio

The __ is the reactant that gets completely used up in a chemical reaction.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is left over after the limiting reactant has been completely consumed is the __.

Excess Reactant

The __ is the maximum amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactants.

Theoretical Yield

The __ is the amount of product actually obtained from a chemical reaction in an experiment.

Actual Yield

__ is calculated as (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100%.

Percent Yield

At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies __ liters.

22.4

__ is fundamental to stoichiometry problems.

Balancing Chemical Equations

Mastering __ calculations is essential for stoichiometry.

Molar Mass

Understanding __ is the heart of stoichiometry.

Mole Ratios

The systematic approach called __ helps you set up and check your calculations, reducing errors.

Dimensional Analysis (Factor-Label Method)

Gases expand to ll any container they occupy, having no de nite or .

Shape or Volume

Gases can be easily compressed because they are __.

Highly Compressible

Compared to liquids and solids, gases have very __ densities.

Low

Gases readily mix completely and uniformly with other gases through __..

Uniform Mixing (Di usion)

Gases ow easily, like liquids, this is called __.

Fluidity

Gas particles are in continuous, rapid, random motion and posses __ energy.

Kinetic

Collisions between gas particles and with the container walls are perfectly __.

Elastic

There are no __ or repulsive forces between gas particles.

Attractive

The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute __ (in Kelvin).

Temperature

Boyle's Law states that as pressure increases, volume __.

Decreases

Charles's Law states that as temperature increases, volume __.

Increases

Gay-Lussac's Law states that as temperature increases, pressure __.

Increases

Avogadro's Law states that as moles increase, volume __.

Increases

The Ideal Gas Law relates all four gas variables __.

Simultaneously

In the Ideal Gas Law, temperature must be in __.

Kelvin

A __ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solution

The __ is the substance that is dissolved (present in a smaller amount).

Solute

The __ is the substance that does the dissolving (present in a larger amount).

Solvent

A __ is a heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are large enough to settle out over time.

Suspension

A __ is a heterogeneous mixture with particles larger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension; they do not settle out.

Colloid

The __ is the scattering of light by suspended particles in a colloid or a suspension, making the beam of light visible.

Tyndall E ect

__ is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Molarity (M)

__ is grams of solute per 100 milliliters of solution.

Percent Concentration (Weight/Volume - % w/v)

__ is the process of adding more solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration.

Dilution

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they __ into their individual ions.

Dissociate

A reaction __ is a step-by-step description of how a chemical reaction occurs at the molecular level.

mechanism

For a molecular collision to produce a reaction, the collision must provide enough __ to overcome the activation energy barrier.

Energy

For a molecular collision to produce a reaction, the molecules must collide in the __ orientation for bonds to break and form.

Correct

An __ complex, also known as a transition state, is a temporary, high-energy state that forms during a chemical reaction.

Activated

__ Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system shifts to counteract the disturbance and re-establish equilibrium.

Le Chatelier’s

An __ is a source of H+ ions in water.

Acid

A __ is a source of OH− ions in water.

Base

An acid is a species that can donate a __ (H+).

Proton

A base is a species that can accept a __ (H+).

Proton