the skeletal system

skeletal system

provides support for the body and protection for our other organs.

bone marrow

Flashcard: Bone Marrow

Bone marrow is a soft tissue inside bones that produces red blood cells, white blood cells.

blood cells

die rapidly; made mostly in our bones. formed by the process of hematopoiesis.

rib cage

acts as a protective shield for your heart and provides a sturdy place into which your lungs can expand.

form blood cells

Hematopoiesis

The brilliant arrangement of the human body was not lost on which prophet?

Ezekial

both giraffes and humans share the number___bones in their neck.

7

__bones make up the vertebral column.

26

human bones are __ times stronger than steel, if measured by weight.

six

connective tissue

bones consist mostly of __ tissue.

___ keeps muscles, blood vessels, and several abdominal organs from being crushed on impact.

bone strength

bones provide places where muscles can __

attach

bones store __ such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.

minerals

bones longer than they are wide

long bones

short bones

are as wide as they are long

flat bones

bone that is thin

sesamoid bones

bones that are small and round

bones that cannot be easily placed in any of the categories

irregular bones

where is blood cell-making bone marrow or fat stored?

medullary

epiphysis

the rounded broader end of a long bone

the outermost layer of bone (thin)

Periosteum

compact bone

beneath the periosteum; responsible for the support of the body

the innermost part of the bone

spongy bone

the humerus, femur, and tibia

long bones

the end of the ulna is your

“funny bone”

the flat bones in our skull are

fused together

sesamoid bones

Embedded inside tendons and are found where tendons pass over joints are

the epiphyses, diaphysis, and periosteum make up

long bones

blood cell-making bone marrow or fat is stored in the

medullary cavity of long bones

cartilage

what covers joint surfaces and makes joints move smoothly?

the periosteum has blood vessels that help provide what to the bone?

nutrients

between 75 and 80 percent of the weight of the skeleton is due to

compact bone

how do bones respond to the stress put on them?

by becoming stronger

osteo

bone

osteocyte

mature bone cell

osteoblast

immature bone cell or bone-building cell

what breaks down bone?

osteoclasts

osteon

the basic unit of a compact bone

Circumferential lamellae

large rings, of ground substance and osteocytes

made up of irregularly shaped layers of bone

trabeculae

the five functions of the skeletal system are?

movement, support, protection, storage, and manufacturing

bones are classified by their____

shape

diaphysis

the shaft of the long bone is referred to as the_____

what are the ends of the bone called?

epiphysis

between the layers of the diaphysis and epiphysis is the ?

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

the ends of the epiphyses are covered with a layer of___

articular cartilage

articular cartilage provides _____

smoothy movement of joints and cushion from shock

medullary cavity

in the diaphysis of the long bone the ____is found

it is within bone marrow that new ____ are produced

blood cells

periosteum

the outer layer of bone is made of tough connective tissue called ___

compact bone

beneath the periosteum you can find____

spongy bone layer

at the end of long bones, beneath compact bone is where the ___ is found

trabeculae

(little beams)

cylinders, osteons

compact bone is arranged in ___ called __

osteons are arranfed in concentric circles called

lamellae

these lamellae surround a __ or __ that contains blood vessels

central canal, haversion

canaliculi

connect all bone cells

the skeleton of an embryo is made of __

cartilage

the process of incorporating calcium and minerals into cartilage to become bone is known as what?

ossification

chondrocytes

cartilage cells

osteoclasts secrete acid to enlarge the __

medullary cavity

the composition of bone is?

osteoid (organic), mineral salts (inorganic)

35% osteoid, which provides flexibility and tensile strength.

bone is composed of

lack of collagen causes

brittle bone disease

the bone is composed of what?

65% mineral salts, which provides bone strength and hardness

lack of hydroxpatite causes

rickets

our bones serve as storage tanks for ?

calcium

calcitonin

(produced from thyroid gland) deposits extra calcium from the blood and into bones

parathyroid hormone

stimulates osteoclast to break down bone, adding calcium into the blood

the process of bone repairment

hematoma forms (blood enters the wound), callus forms (cartilage forms to hold the bone together), callus ossifies (spongy bone forms to replace cartilage), compact bone forms (spongy bone is converted to compact bone)

bone to bone

axial skeleton

central axis of the body ex: skull ribs, sternum, and vertebrae

appendicular skeleton consists of what parts of the body?

pectoral, pelvic girdle, bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulders

the cranium, cervical vertebrae, mandible, ribs, manubrium, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, lumber vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx are found within the __

axial skeleton

cervical

concave

thoracic

convex

convex

sacrum

convex

coccyx (tail bone)

lumbar

concave

the _ extends from the skull to the pelvis

vertebral column

bones found in the appendicular skeleton are ___

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, pelvic girdle, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, tarasals, metatarsals, phalanges

fibrous(cranium), cartilaginous (ribs to your sternum), and synovial (elbows and knees

what are the three structural types of joints?

tendons

connect muscle to bone

synovial joints are the most movable of all the joints

joint cavity

synovial membrane and articular cartilage line what cavity?

\-blast

immature cell, germ cell

crani-

skull

clast-

breaking down

cephal

head

epi-

upon

femor-

femur

inter-

between

osteo-

bone

peri-

surrounding, around

\-physis

growth

trabecul-

little neck

leg

begins at the knee going all the way to the ankle

acetabulum

a special cavity on the pelvis

calcaneus

heel bone

bipedal gait

walking upright on two legs