A&P 1 - Chapter 3: Cells

Cells

Basic unit of structure and function in the body

• nerve cells

• epithetial cells

• Muscle cells

Animal Cells Major Parts

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Genetic material, controls activities.

Cytoplasm

Organelles in cytosol

Cell Membrane

Semipermable boundary

Cell Membrane Structure

• Phospholipid bilayer

• Cholesterol

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Fluid Mosaic Model

Ribosome

Protein Synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum

RER = Protein Synthesis

SER = Lipid Synthesis

Vesicles

Storage and transport

Golgi Apparatus

Refines and packages proteins

Mitochondria

Produces ATP

Power house of a cell

Lysosomes

Digestive Enzyme

Peroxisomes

Breakdown lipids, alcohol and hydrogen perioxide

Cytoskelton Structures

• Microfilaments

• Microtubules

• Intermediate Filaments

• Centrosomes

Cilia

Many, short; moves substances

Flagella

One, Long; moves entire cell (ex sperm)

Cell Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope

• Nucleolus

  • Chromatin

Passive Transport (No ATP)

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Filtration

Diffusion

High —> Low Concentration

Osmosis

Water diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Uses channels / carriers

Filtration

Pressure forces molecules across membrane

Isotonic

Equal water in and out

• stays same

Hypertonic

Water leaves cell

• shrinks

Hypotonic

water enters cell

• expands / swells

Active Transport

Low to high concentration

uses pumps

Pinocytosis

Liquid intake

Phagocytosis

Solid intake

Receptor Mediated

Specific substances via receptors

Exocytosis

release substance fom cell

Transcytosis

Comines endo and exoytosis

Cell Cyle

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

• Cytokinesis

Apoptosis

Programmed, normal death

Necrosis

Accidental cell death from injury