AP Environmental Science

What causes air to move in the atmosphere?

Differences in temperature, pressure, and density.

How does warm air behave compared to cold air?

Warm air is less dense and rises while cold air is denser and sinks.

What phenomenon is created by the differential movement of warm and cold air?

Convection currents.

What primarily drives atmospheric convection currents?

The uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun.

What effect does Earth's rotation have on air movement?

It causes the Coriolis effect, which deflects air movement.

What are the prevailing wind patterns created by the Coriolis effect?

Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies.

What happens to air currents when they encounter mountain ranges?

They are forced to rise, cool, and lose moisture, causing precipitation on the windward side.

What is the result of descending dry air on the leeward side of mountains?

A rain shadow effect, leading to drier conditions.

What factors drive human population growth?

Improved healthcare, advancements in agriculture, and higher birth rates.

What does a wide base in an age structure diagram indicate?

A high birth rate and a young population.

What is demographic transition theory?

It describes how a country's population changes with economic development.

How does Earth's axial tilt affect seasonal temperature differences?

It changes the angle and duration of sunlight received, affecting temperature.

What are terrestrial biomes defined by?

Characteristic climate conditions, particularly temperature and precipitation.

What information do climate diagrams provide?

Monthly temperature and precipitation data for a specific location.

Name a characteristic of tropical rainforests.

High rainfall and dense vegetation.

What ecosystem service is provided by deserts?

Soil formation and water filtration.

Why are boreal forests significant?

They are significant carbon sinks and sources of timber.

What role do grasslands play in agriculture?

They provide soil fertility and habitat for grazing species.

How does the tundra contribute to ecosystem stability?

By regulating water flow and serving as a carbon sink.