Scary Deyoung Final Prep

2nd Red Scare

fear fueled by Soviet development of an atomic bomb

Berlin airlift

began by the British and US to prevent all of Berlin from becoming Communist

Aid to Greece and Turkey

proved by the United States in 1947 because policymakers believed the aid would help those countries resist Soviet pressures

Korean War

North Korean attacks South Korean, the United Nations then votes to send troops to support South Korea. Known as a police action because the US never officially declared war. The end result of the war was two divide countries, communists in the North and Democratic in the South

HUAC

investigated domestic Communist threats in the 1950s

Duck and Cover

movie in which a friendly turtle named Bert taught schoolchildren techniques for protecting themselves from the deadly effects of a nuclear blast

Warsaw Pact

established by the Soviets to solidify their control over Eastern Europe

Great Society

term used to represent the domestic programs of the Johnson administration. This led to a conservative backlash to the role of government in social welfare

Warren Commission

found that there was no conspiracy to assassinate JFK

Cuban Missile Crisis

caused by the detection of Soviet offensive nuclear missiles in Cub; ,afterwards American and Soviet government officials agreed to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey and took steps to ease tensions between the superpowers

24th Amendment

ended poll tax

Civil Rights Non-Violence

Some civil rights workers began to question the effectiveness of nonviolent protest in the mid-1960's because violence continued despite legal victories, but it was so successful in achieving change because the violent response of segregationists provoked moral outrage in onlookers

SNCC

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, was a civil-rights group formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement. Used tactics such as sit-ins to bring awareness to segregation.

Little Rock Nine

nine students in Little Rock Arkansas who tried to integrate into a white school, it took Eisenhower three weeks to send federal troops to ensure the Little Rock nine could enter school because the national media did not publicize the violence directed at the students enough to provoke a federal response

Civil Rights Act of 1964

banned discrimination in employment

Black Power

a movement calling for African Americans to rely on themselves to achieve change; Martin Luther King Jr objected to the movement due to their preaching of violence.

Montgomery bus boycott

led to the organization of boycotts across the country and the development of the Montgomery Improvement Association.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

the US used defoliants to expose areas of the trail that were hidden in the jungle, making it easier for planes to see enemy supply routes

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

was approved by Congress in 1964 allowing President Johnson power to wage war without a formal declaration of war

Vietnam

war in which we supported South Vietnam against the communist North Vietnam, difficult ground war because civilians often joined the Vietcong and US soldiers making it difficult to identify the enemy; controlled by Japan during WWII. Most US soldiers serving in Vietnam came from lower economic levels

26th Amendment

lowered voting age from 21 to 18

Vietnaminzation

Nixon hoped it would give South Vietnamese leaders enough time to create a stable anti-Communist government

Draft Dodging

College enrollment rose during the Vietnam War because college student received draft deferments

Tet Offensive

the US and South Vietnamese troops were unprepared because they believed the attack on Khe Sanh explained the heightened military preparedness of the North Vietnamese Army and the Vietcong troops

Media coverage

most influential in turning American public opinion against the Vietnam War

Gerald Ford

pardoned Nixon for his role in Watergate, which led to his disapproval by many Americans.

Camp David Accords

historic agreement between Israel and Egypt

Richard Nixon

American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so. He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California. He ordered his staff to investigate the Watergate scandal in response to growing interest in the matter on the part of Congress and the American public. When he was asked to turn over tapes of conversations in his office he refused stating it fell under "executive privilege."

Iran hostage crisis

hostage crisis that seemed to overwhelm the Carter presidency involved a mob seizing Americans in the US embassy in Iran

After WWII the United States

helped rebuild Europe. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were created to help rebuild Europe

United States Economy after WWII

Remained strong due to rising demand for consumer goods at home, as well as the efforts of the United States to help rebuild Europe creating demand for goods

Containment Policy

Effort to keep Communism from spreading outside of where it already exists

Mutual Distrust

The United States and the Soviet Union each did not trust the other. This is why the United States did not tell the Soviet Union their plans in developing or using the atomic bomb.

U.S. involvement in Korea

China falls to communism, North Korea attacks South Korea, & the UN votes to send support to South Korea

End Result of the Korean War

Two divided countries, a Communist North Korea, and a Democratic South Korea

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

The first U.S. civilians to be executed for espionage

Hollywood Ten

In October 1947, 10 members of the Hollywood film industry publicly denounced the tactics employed by the (HUAC). received jail sentences, were blacklists, and banned from working for the major Hollywood studios.

Arms Race

a competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, especially between the US and the former Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Cultural Diffusion

spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another. ... The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicity, religions, and nationalities has only increased with advanced communication, transportation, and technology. Technology has led to major increases in this process.

Biodiverse ecosystems

Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. Biodiverse ecosystems are able to withstand stress.

Opposition of Federal Environmental Agencies

many opposed the creation of Federal Environmental Agencies because they feel that the government unfairly limits access to resources

Social Security

any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income. In the US the largest expenditure is payments to retirees.

Global Healthcare

Improvements in healthcare have led to deaths from various diseases worldwide to fall. Malaria is one of those diseases

Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS

terrorist group whose main goal is to create a new state ruled by strict religious law

Southern Poverty Law Center

an American nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation. The main purpose is to maintain a list of active hate groups.

Government use of surveillance

Many people oppose the governments use of surveillance due to the fact they view that as an infringement upon people's rights of privacy.

Urban Flight

The movement of Americans from the cities to the suburbs. Patterns of movement increased from the end of WWII to the 1980's. Prior to the 1970's city populations were higher than suburbs. In the 1970's and 1980's

Advances in Biotechnology

these advances in the future will help the map of the human genome will help doctors treat inherited diseases and disabilities.

Technology in the 1990's

led to increased productivity and output increased as workers performed their jobs faster.

President Barack Obama

44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009 to January 20, 2017. The first African American President, United States Senator from Illinois 2005 to 2008, Illinois State Senate from 1997 until 2004. Among his foreign policy successes included punishing Osama Bin Laden for his role in the September 11 attacks

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

The first part of the comprehensive health care reform law enacted under the Obama Administration on March 23, 2010.

Main purpose was to reduce the number of uninsured citizens.

Result of the 2008 Elections

Democrats won the presidency and increased their majority in the House of Representatives

US & British invasion of Iraq

Iraq's leader failed to cooperate with UN arms inspectors

Criticism of President George W. Bush's Administration

The gov. did too little to help the people affected by Hurricane Katrina

President Bush response to September 11th attacks

by sending military and attacking al-Qaeda and driving the Taliban from Afghanistan Creating an additional department for security of America, Declaring a war on Terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq, Temporarily shutting down airports and increasing security

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994.[4] It superseded the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. Main goal was to strengthen the US economy and create jobs

Clinton's Presidency Accomplishments

Balancing the federal budget, Strengthening federal gun laws, and Limiting how long people could receive welfare benefits; in 1998 he was impeached for perjury but acquitted of all charges

George H. W. Bush

organized Operation Desert Storm to force Iraq's withdrawal from Kuwait

Reagan 'won the Cold War'

In Reagan's first term military spending pressured the Soviet Union to keep up its international commitments

Reagan & Bush effect of the Supreme Court

They added more conservative judges

Individuals with Disabilities

Achieved a victory in legislation during the Bush Administration with the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Reaganomics: Supply-side economics

cutting taxes to the upper class to encourage new investment.

1984 and 1988 Presidential Elections

There was little opposition of the Republican party due to the strong economy in the United States

Economic Opportunity Act

to help fund youth programs, antipoverty measure, and job training

Three Mile Island

most significant accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history. The incident was rated a five on the seven-point International Nuclear Event Scale: Accident with wider consequences. Following the event, the number of reactors under construction in the U.S. declined every year from 1980-1998

Plessy v. Ferguson

U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality - a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

Mexican Immigration in the 1940' & 1950's

Many Mexican immigrants came to the United States to work as temporary laborers

Cesar Chavez

American labor leader and civil rights activist who, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later the United Farm Workers union, UFW) in 1962.[2] Originally a Mexican American farm worker, Chavez Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support.

Martin Luther King, Jr

American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. He is best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, tactics his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi helped inspire.

Cuban Revolution

armed revolt led by Fidel Castro's revolutionary 26th of July Movement. On January 1959, replacing his government with a revolutionary socialist state. 26 July 1959 is celebrated in Cuba as the Day of the Revolution. The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965. This hurt American and Cuban relations and American severed ties with Cuba.

SALT II

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of arms control. The two rounds of talks and agreements were SALT I and SALT II. Congress was opposed to SALT II because Some members of Congress opposed SALT II because they believed that it gave the USSR an advantage.

Gorbachev

Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991. He took steps to change the Soviet Union by allowing open criticism of the Soviet Government

President Truman

33rd President of the United States (1945-1953) from MISSOURI....A World War I veteran, he assumed the presidency during the waning months of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War. He is known for implementing the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, for the establishment of the Truman Doctrine and NATO against Soviet and Chinese Communism, and for intervening in the Korean War.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

American army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45 from the Western Front. He was also the first President to be bound by the 22nd Amendment, which limits the number of times one can be elected to the office of President of the United States.

Baby Boom

A 'baby boom' is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate. The most well-known baby boom occurred immediately after World War II during the Cold War. It was a change of trend that was largely unexpected, because in most countries it occurred in the midst of a period of improving economies and rising living standards.

Central Intelligence Agency

Federal organization formed in 1947 to collect information about foreign governments

Counter Culture Movement

an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon in the United States (US) between the early 1960s and the mid-1970s. The aggregate movement gained momentum as the Civil Rights Movement continued to grow, and would later become revolutionary with the expansion of the U.S. government's extensive military intervention in Vietnam. As the 1960s progressed, widespread social tensions also developed concerning other issues, and tended to flow along generational lines regarding human sexuality, women's rights, traditional modes of authority, experimentation with psychoactive drugs, and differing interpretations of the American Dream. Conservatives believed this moment posed a danger to traditional American values.

Rock 'n Roll in the 1950's

view by adults in the 1950's to contribute to juvenile delinquency

Migration from farms to cities in the 1950's

people were seeking a better life

Warren Commission

established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through Executive Order 11130 on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy. It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald acted entirely alone.It also concluded that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later. And that there was no conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy

Vietmihn

Main purpose was to win Vietnam's independence from foreign rule

Plessy v. Ferguson

upheld separate but equal

Woodward & Berstein

Investigative journalist for the Washington Post in 1972, the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon.

Jimmy Carter

American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He previously was the 76th Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975, after two terms in the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1967. Promoted Human Rights around the world.

Silent Majority

the average, hardworking, non-protesting, white American who supported Nixon's efforts in Vietnam.

College Students Impact in the 1960's

Students in the 1960's were becoming more active socially and politically by joining antiwar groups and the civil rights movement

President Johnson

American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

Johnson's Vietnam Troop Escalation

Most initially viewed it as okay because Johnson clearly told them the U.S. was getting involved in Vietnam

President Kennedy

American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president. He was very popular due to his charm, intelligence, and youthful style.

Minority's serving in WWII

Minority groups serving in WWII were often subjected to prejudice and discrimination

Television in the 1950's

showed only programs portraying an ideal white, middle-class society

Levittown

a large subdivision development of single-family homes

Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassinated President Kennedy

Marshall Plan

American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion (nearly $110 billion in 2016 US dollars in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. This was in hope to prevent countries from turning to communism.

major advantage Nixon had in the 1968 election

Many Democrats had become disillusioned with their party, causing the party to split.

Changes within that African American community since the 1980s

More African Americans have risen to the middle class. More African Americans have received degrees in higher education. More African Americans have attained higher political office.

Equal Rights Amendment?

To require men and women to be treated equally in all areas

Women's Rights Movement

Started because women began to question why they were still considered unequal to men

Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection. Established by Richard Nixon.