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a principle does not apply
a rule is not relevant, cannot use the rule in this specific situation
something applies
something is relevant, can be used in this specific situation
sole
only one
offer a
provide a
corresponding
something in another situation is similar to something in this situation, if X corresponds to Y, X acts similarly to Y, but they are in different contexts
corresponds to
acts similarly to something else in a different situation
on the basis of comparisons
using how two things are the same or different to prove your conclusion
as a basis for
as a foundation to argue from
disanalogous
not similar
contending that
arguing that
supposition / presupposition
assumption
supposes / presupposes
assumes
infers a
assumes something based on evidence
guarantee the truth / falsity
prove something 100% true or false
question the sufficiency of evidence
question whether there's enough evidence to prove the point
remains unexplained
we still don't know about something
merely
only (implies that the thing it's attached to is probably not enough to do what we need)
inconsistent statements
the two statements contradict one another
proposition
statement
supposed (pronounced suppose-ED, likethe word "suppose"+ the beginning of"education")
poorly assumed, usually used as an adjective to throw shade
"the supposed cause" = the pretend cause
demonstrating that
using evidence to show that
restates
repeats
treats an X as a Y
pretends that X is Y to try to prove their conclusion, this is a shady thing to do
a property
a quality or characteristic of a thing
scope
the world of whatever you're talking about (if you go outside the scope of an argument, you've gone too far off the deep end into irrelevancy)
reasoning from X to Y
"from" introduces a premise, "to" introduces a conclusion"
reasoning from X to Y" means the answer choice is claiming X is a premise and Y is a conclusion
analogy
saying X is like Y, then claiming a property of X applies to Y as well
qualify / qualified
to limit a claim, a qualified claim has been limited in its scope to make it more reasonable
implicit premise
assumption
(general) principle
general rule, usually presented to guide a specific example
counterargument
an argument against a given point, usually presented by the author to discredit something that "some people claim..."
a given conclusion
not necessarily the conclusion of the stimulus overall, could be referring to the overall conclusion, but be on the lookout for it to refer to another conclusion discussed by the author in the course of the stimulus
provide evidence
give reasons for something
counter assertions
make an argument against something
suggests its conclusion is incorrect
says the facts of the conclusion are not true
questions the adequacy of a conclusion
says the conclusion being discussed has not been proven (this is different than saying the conclusion is untrue)
phenomenon (singular) / phenomena (plural)
a thing! do not make this more complicated than a "thing" or a singular "event"
a distinction
a difference between two things, usually pointed out by someone
drawing a distinction
pointing out a difference between two things
an instance
a specific example of something being discussed
refute
tear down someone else's argument
appeals to
looks to something to support their point
clarify
make clearer
purported
something that is claimed to be true, but might not be true (usually throws shade)
Source Of These Terms
https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0113/1695/3145/files/The_Uncut_Method_Vocab_List.pdf?11956627150048511110 and Ellen Cassidy's Elemental Prep!