AP Biology Semester 1 MCQ (unfinished)

a

d

c

proteins have nitrogen which cancels out d. There will be extra oxygen if a and b did dehydration synthesis. The two hydrogen from c connect via dehydration synthesis cause oxygen is just added in.

b

full answer: Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules

Negative

Polarity

Covalent

The density phenomena of water

Lake Turnover, Spring, Fall

High Specific Heat Capacity

adhesion

cohesion

hydrophobic

Water loving

Oxygen

Trace Elements

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Amino acid

Phosphorous

Peptide Bond

Polysaccharide

Ester bond

Ester bond

Dehydration synthesis

Hydrolysis

b

c

Digestion

Amino Acid

Three

Glycosidic bonds

Strong

Hydrogen bonds

a

a

c

c

A

B

more right/ less specific

A

c

d

Site of glucose synthesis

b (chloroplast)

Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP

a (mitochondria)

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell

c (golgi apparatus)

Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

d (cell membrane)

Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote

B (chloroplast)

photoautotrophic = light energy

The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to distilled water in the beaker?

e

A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

e

total water, only one with significant decrease in mass

To model a plant cell, a permeable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. The greatest pressure potential will develop within dialysis tube number

c (lots of water rushing in)

Which of the following describes why a glucose transporter is needed to move glucose into the cell?

(A) Glucose is nonpolar and requires to move across the membrane.

(B) Glucose molecules are polar and need to move from low concentration to high concentration.

(C) Glucose molecules are charged, and charged molecules are only ever actively transported.

(D) Glucose is large and polar and cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer.

d

b

d

d

Intravenous (IV) solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

(A) The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will shrink as a result of salt moving into the blood.

(B) The liver will secrete additional bile salts into the blood to raise the tonicity of the administered fluid.

(C) The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osmotically into the cells from

the blood.

(D) The patient’s respiration rate will slow to compensate for the higher levels of circulating blood.

c

b

e

b

b

A pathogenic bacterium has been engulfed by a phagocytic cell as part of the nonspecific (innate) immune response. Which of the following illustrations best represents the response?

c

d

d

d

d

c

d

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is

(A) Nucleus

(B) Golgi apparatus

(C) Cytoskeleton

(D) Plasma membranelikely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

b

a

a

Which of the following best explains how the changes in mitochondrial structure observed when the cell experiences cold-induced stress affect cellular respiration?

(A) The volume of the mitochondrial intermembrane space decreases, preventing the reactions of the Krebs cycle from occurring.

(B) The surface area of the inner membrane decreases, preventing the transport of oxygen molecules into the

mitochondria.

(C) The volume within the mitochondria increases, providing more space for the reactions of glycolysis to take place.

(D) The surface area of the inner membrane increases, providing more space for the components of the electron transport chain.

Which of the following best describes the cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active?

(A) The cytosol

(B) The lysosomes

(C) The nucleus

(D) The mitochondrial matrix

The maximum production rate of acetyl-CoA under condition is closest to which of the following?

(A) 1 micromole / sec

(B) 24 micromole / sec

(C) 35 micromoles / sec

(D) 65 micromoles / sec

a

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that acetyl- negatively regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity?

(A) The rate of the pyruvate dehydrogenase–catalyzed reaction is slower in the presence of a higher concentration of acetyl-CoA.

(B) The gene that encodes pyruvate dehydrogenase is transcribed when excess acetyl-CoA is detected.

(C) The accumulation of acetyl-CoA stops after seconds, regardless of the reaction mixture.

(D) Acetyl-CoA is continuously broken down in the Krebs cycle.

d

Which of the following best describes the process by which the bacteria are breaking down the glucose to produce lactic acid?

(A) The bacteria are breaking down sugars in the absence of oxygen.

(B) The bacteria are creating a gradient to synthesize more .

(C) The bacteria are using their mitochondria to break down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

(D) The bacteria are producing in the Krebs cycle that is then converted into lactic acid.

a

Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher’s experiment?

(A) Time

(B) pH

(C) Glucose concentration

(D) Lactic acid concentration

b

Which of the following graphs best represents the data in Table 1 ?

b

d

a

a

According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is

(A) increased by exposure to light

(B) unaffected by light intensity

(C) prevented by paper towels

(D) accelerated in green-leaved seedlings

a

The most probable cause for the difference in mean stem length between plants in dish A and plants in dish B is which of the following?

(A) Shortening of cells in the stem in response to the lack of light

(B) Elongation of seedlings in response to the lack of light

(C) Enhancement of stem elongation by light

(D) Genetic differences between the seeds

b

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that the difference in leaf color is genetically controlled?

(A) The number of yellow-leaved seedlings in dish A on day 7

(B) The number of germinated seeds in dish A on days 7 and 14

(C) The death of all the yellow-leaved seedlings

(D) The existence of yellow-leaved seedlings as well as green-leaved ones on day 14 in dish B

d

Additional observations were made on day 21, and no yellow-leaved seedlings were found alive in either dish. This is most likely because

(A) yellow-leaved seedlings were unable to absorb water from the paper towels

(B) taller green-leaved seedlings blocked the light and prevented photosynthesis

(C) yellow-leaved seedlings were unable to convert light energy to chemical energy

(D) a higher rate of respiration in yellow-leaved seedlings depleted their stored nutrients

c

Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tubes 3 and 7 in the experiment?

(A) They will show whether the isolated cellular contents have enzymatic activity.

(B) They will show whether environmental affects the function of the enzyme.

(C) They will show the rate of product formation in the absence of bacterial factors.

(D) They will show the rate of product formation in the absence of the substrate.

a

b

c

Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration?

(A) They participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules.

(B) They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

(C) They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.

(D) They aid vitamins such as niacin in the breakdown of glucose.

(E) They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions.

e

c

b

c

Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?

(A) Krebs cycle

(B) Glycolysis

(C) Electron transport chain

(D) Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

(E) Production of a proton gradient