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soluble
capable of being dissolved
homogeneous (what it is, and particles are ____)
evenly mixed; particles too small to distinguish
heterogeneous (what it is, and particles are _____)
unevenly mixed; different phase or particles are easily observed
solute (definition and amount)
component of a mixture in smallest amount that is being dissolved
solvent (definition and amount)
the dissolving medium; component of mixture in largest amount
dilute (amount and definition)
relatively small amount of dissolved solute
concentrated (amount and definition)
relatively large amount of dissolved solute
unsaturated
space in solvent for more solute to dissolve
saturated
max amount of solute has dissolved
supersaturated
solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
solution (definition, particle size)
homogeneous mixture of substances in a single phase; extremely small particles; same composition and properties of throughout
electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
nonelectrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct electric current
dissolution
process of solvent molecules surrounding and interacting with solute particles
miscible
liquids that dissolve freely in each other
immiscible
liquids that do not dissolve freely in each other
_______ dissolves ______, substances dissolve in each other if ___ matches.
Like, like, polarity
Solute: Polar molecule
Solvent: Polar molecule
Description:
Soluble/miscible
Solute: Nonpolar molecule
Solvent: Nonpolar molecule
Description:
Soluble/miscible
Solute: ionic compound
Solvent: Water (polar molecule)
Description:
Soluble via hydration
Solute: Ionic compound
Solvent: nonpolar molecule
Description:
Insoluble/immiscible
Solute: Polar molecule
Solvent: nonpolar molecule
Description:
Insoluble/immiscible
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Particle size/surface area for solids:
Smaller particles -> larger surface area -> faster
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Particle size/surface area for gases:
N/A
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Temperature of solvent for solid:
warmer = faster
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Temperature of solvent for gases:
cooler = faster
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Amount of stirring for solids:
more = faster
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Amount of stirring for gases:
less = faster (to a point)
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Amount of solute dissolved for solids (concentration):
Low starting concentration = faster
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Amount of solute dissolved for gases (concentration):
N/A
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Pressure for solids:
N/A
Factors that can affect the rate of solution formation:
Pressure for gases:
higher = faster
Positive delta H is endothermic/exothermic, absorbs/releases heat, feels hot/cold, heat transfers from your hand out/to the cup
endothermic, absorbs, cold, to
enthalpy of solution
net amount of energy absorbed as heat
Negative delta H is endothermic/exothermic, absorbs/releases heat, feels hot/cold, heat transfers through your hand out/to the cup
exothermic, releases, hot, out
