APush ID Check

Powhatan

Native American chief; led the Powhatan Confederacy near Jamestown.

Lord Calvert of Maryland

Founded Maryland as a haven for English Catholics (George Calvert).

Virginia Company

Joint-stock company that founded Jamestown colony.

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware; diverse, tolerant, agricultural.

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire; Puritan, town meetings.

Mayflower Compact

1620 agreement by Pilgrims to self-govern in Plymouth Colony.

William Bradford

Leader and longtime governor of Plymouth Colony.

Plymouth

Colony founded by Pilgrims in Massachusetts, 1620.

John Winthrop “City upon a hill”

Puritan leader; Massachusetts Bay to be a model religious community.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritan colony, major New England settlement.

Wampanoag vs. Narragansetts

Rival native tribes in New England.

Pequot War

Conflict (1636–1638) between New England colonists and Pequot tribe.

Thomas Hooker

Founded Connecticut; contributed to Fundamental Orders.

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island; promoted religious freedom and separation of church/state.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished from Massachusetts Bay for religious dissent; challenged Puritan orthodoxy.

King Philips’ War

Native uprising (1675–1676) led by Metacom/King Philip against NE colonists.

William Penn

Founded Pennsylvania as a Quaker, religious tolerance.

Virginia House of Burgesses

First representative assembly in English America (Virginia).

Bacon’s Rebellion

1676 revolt of Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against colonial government.

King William’s War

Colonial conflict (1689–1697) between England and France in North America.

Triangle Trade

Colonial trade route linking Africa, Americas, Europe; included slaves, goods.

Olaudah Equiano

Former slave who wrote about his experiences in the Middle Passage.

Middle Passage

Forced slave voyage from Africa to Americas.

Stono Rebellion

1739 slave uprising in South Carolina.

Mercantilism

Economic theory: colonies exist to benefit the mother country’s wealth and trade.

Navigation Acts

Laws to control colonial trade for England’s benefit.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of relaxed enforcement in colonies, allowing some self-rule.

Harvard and Yale Colleges

Oldest American universities, originally for training ministers.

Cotton Mather

Puritan minister, writer, and figure during Salem witch trials.

Poor Richard’s Almanac

Benjamin Franklin’s publication of advice, weather, and wit.

Halfway Covenant

Allowed partial church membership for descendants of Puritans.

Great Awakening

Religious revival (1730s–1740s), emotional sermons, many new denominations.

George Whitefield

British preacher and famous leader of the Great Awakening.

Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Preacher; wrote famous sermon of the Great Awakening.