Chapter 16-29 w/o 24, 26

1. Which of the following images is used to evaluate the crown, roots, and supporting bone

of a tooth?

a. Periapical

b. Interproximal

c. Occlusal

d. Panoramic

ANS: A

2. Bisecting and paralleling are two methods used for obtaining which of the following

dental images?

a. Periapicals

b. Bite-wings

c. Occlusals

d. Panoramic

ANS: A

3. Which of the following is an extraoral image?

a. Periapical

b. Bitewing

c. Lateral jaw

d. Occlusal

ANS: C

4. Which technique examines the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a

single image?

a. Periapical paralleling technique

b. Periapical bisecting technique

c. Occlusal technique

d. Interproximal examination

ANS: D

5. The bite-wing image is used in the

a. periapical paralleling technique.

b. periapical bisecting technique.

c. occlusal technique.

d. interproximal examination.

ANS: D

6. CMS stands for

a. complete mouth restorative series.

b. complete mouth series.

c. complete mouth restorative service.

d. complete mouth service.

ANS: B

7. The CMS is defined as a series of intraoral dental images that shows

a. all the dentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

b. all the edentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

c. all the dentulous or edentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws.

d. all the dentulous tooth-bearing areas of the upper and lower jaws that can be

verified clinically.

ANS: C

8. How many dental images would you take on your patient if you were taking a CMS?

a. 4-7

b. 7-14

c. 14-20

d. 19-21

ANS: C

9. How many dental images would you take for a CMR on your edentulous patient?

a. 4

b. 7

c. 14

d. 18

ANS: C

10. Which of the following is an extraoral technique for dental image examination?

a. Panoramic

b. Interproximal

c. Periapical

d. Occlusal

ANS: A

11. Periapical images must show the entire crowns and roots of the teeth being examined

as well as ____ to ____ mm beyond the root apices.

a. 0.1; 0.5

b. 1.0; 2.0

c. 2.0; 3.0

d. 4.0; 5.0

ANS: C

12. You have been asked to take a dental image of your patient's mandible. Which type of

image would you take?

a. Periapical

b. Bite-wing

c. Occlusal

d. Lateral jaw

ANS: C

13. Your patient has no clinical sign of disease; how frequently should you take a CMS on

your patient?

a. Every year

b. Every other year

c. Once every 3 to 5 years

d. You cannot take a CMS

ANS: D

14. Your new adult patient has no clinical sign of disease and no restorations. Which of the

following images should you take?

a. Periapicals

b. Bite-wings

c. CMS

d. Occlusals

ANS: B

15. When are bite-wings and periapical images prescribed?

a. Every year

b. Every other year

c. According to a set schedule

d. As needed, based on the patient's individual needs

ANS: D

16. Which of the following is used for an interproximal evaluation?

a. Periapicals

b. Bite-wing

c. Lateral jaw

d. Occlusals

ANS: B

(1) When using the paralleling technique, you must be conscious of fixed vertical angulations. (2) The paralleling technique creates dental images free from dimensional distortion.

(1). Both statements are false.

(2). Both statements are true.

(3). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

ANS: (4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

The paralleling technique does not rely on fixed vertical angulations and produces a radiographic image without dimensional distortion.

(1) The American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology both recommend the use of a beam alignment device to reduce the amount of radiation the patient receives. (2) Limiting the size of the x-ray beam not only reduces the amount of skin that is exposed but also results in a significant reduction of radiation to the patient, by as much as 20%.

(1). Both statements are false.

(2). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

(3). Both statements are true.

(4). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

ANS: (1). Both statements are false.

The American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology both recommend the use of a rectangular collimator to reduce the amount of radiation the patient receives. Limiting the size of the x-ray beam not only reduces the amount of skin that is exposed but also results in a significant reduction of radiation to the patient by as much as 70%.

According to the text, a size 1 receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a ____________ direction, and a size 2 receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a ______________ direction.

(1). vertical; vertical

(2). horizontal; vertical

(3). vertical; horizontal

(4). horizontal; horizontal

ANS: (3). vertical; horizontal

According to the text, a size 1 receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a vertical direction, and a size 2 receptor is always positioned with the long portion of the receptor in a horizontal direction.

Which posterior quadrant would be the best for you to begin with when using the paralleling technique?

(1). Maxillary left quadrant

(2). Mandibular right quadrant

(3). Maxillary right quadrant

(4). Mandibular left quadrant

ANS: (3). Maxillary right quadrant

The recommended posterior periapical sequence for the Rinn XCP instruments starts with the maxillary right quadrant.

Which posterior quadrant should you move to next (second) when using the paralleling technique?

(1). Mandibular left quadrant

(2). Maxillary right quadrant

(3). Mandibular right quadrant

(4). Maxillary left quadrant

ANS: (1). Mandibular left quadrant

The second quadrant in the recommended posterior periapical sequence for the Rinn XCP instruments is the mandibular left quadrant.

According to the basic rules of paralleling, the central ray should be directed ______________ to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth.

(1). parallel

(2). adjacent

(3). perpendicular

(4). horizontal

ANS: (3). perpendicular

Vertical angulation, the third basic rule of paralleling states that the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular (at a right angle) to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. Receptor position, the second basic rule of paralleling states that the receptor must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Horizontal angulation, the fourth basic rule of paralleling indicates the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed through the contact areas between teeth.

If you are using size 2 receptors, how many exposures will you need to take of the anterior teeth?

(1). Seven

(2). Eight

(3). Six

(4). Four

ANS: (3). Six

With a size 2 receptor, a total of six anterior receptor placements are used with the paralleling technique.

Which of the following images must include the crowns, roots, and surrounding bone, sinus and tuberosity region of the first, second, and third molars?

(1). Maxillary premolar

(2). Mandibular molar

(3). Mandibular premolar

(4). Maxillary molar

ANS: (4). Maxillary molar

All crowns and roots of the first, second, and third molars, including the apices, alveolar crests, contact areas, surrounding bone, and tuberosity region, must be seen on the maxillary molar image.

To achieve parallelism between the receptor and the tooth, the ____________ distance must be increased to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth.

(1). target-object

(2). target-receptor

(3). object-receptor

(4). operator-patient

ANS: (3). object-receptor

To achieve parallelism between the receptor and the tooth, the object-receptor distance must be increased to keep the receptor parallel with the long axis of the tooth.

Parallel is defined as

(1). cutting across or through.

(2). moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance and not intersecting.

(3). an angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other.

(4). intersecting at or forming a right angle.

ANS: (2). moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance and not intersecting.

Intersecting is defined as cutting across or through. Perpendicular is defined as intersecting at or forming a right angle. Parallel is defined as moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance and not intersecting. Right angle is defined as an angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other.

The authors recommend using a size ____ receptor for anterior teeth and a size ____ receptor for posterior teeth.

(1). 1; 2

(2). 2; 1

(3). 1; 1

(4). 2; 2

ANS: (1). 1; 2

The authors recommend using a size 1 receptor for anterior teeth and a size 2 receptor for posterior teeth.

If you are taking an anterior image sequence, which tooth do the authors recommend you begin with?

(1). 9

(2). 11

(3). 6

(4). 8

ANS: (3). 6

The authors recommend an exposure sequence starting with tooth #6.

Which of the following receptor holders include aiming rings that aid in the alignment of the position-indicating device (PID) with the receptor?

(1). Stabe bite-block

(2). Snap-a-ray receptor holder

(3). Hemostat with bite-block

(4). Rinn XCP instruments

ANS: (4). Rinn XCP instruments

Rinn XCP instruments include aiming rings that aid in the alignment of the PID with the receptor.

Which basic rule of paralleling indicates that the central ray should be directed through the contact area of the teeth?

(1). Receptor position

(2). Receptor placement

(3). Horizontal angulation

(4). Vertical angulation

ANS: (3). Horizontal angulation

Receptor placement, the first basic rule of paralleling, indicates the receptor must be positioned to cover the prescribed area of teeth to be examined. Horizontal angulation, the fourth basic rule of paralleling states that the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed through the contact areas between teeth. Vertical angulation, the third basic rule of paralleling states that the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular (at a right angle) to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. Receptor position, the second basic rule of paralleling, indicates the receptor must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

The lingual cusp of the first premolar usually obscures the distal contact of the canine on the ________________ exposure.

(1). maxillary incisor

(2). mandibular incisor

(3). mandibular canine

(4). maxillary canine

ANS: (4). maxillary canine

The lingual cusp of the first premolar usually obscures the distal contact of the canine on the maxillary canine exposure.

Which basic rule of paralleling states that the receptor must be parallel to the long axis of the tooth?

(1). Receptor placement

(2). Vertical angulation

(3). Receptor exposure

(4). Receptor position

ANS: (4). Receptor position

Receptor placement, the first basic rule of paralleling, indicates the receptor must be positioned to cover the area of teeth to be examined. Receptor position, the second basic rule of paralleling, indicates the receptor must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Vertical angulation, the third basic rule of paralleling, indicates the central ray of the x-ray beam must be directed perpendicular (at a right angle) to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. Receptor exposure, the fifth basic rule of paralleling, indicates the x-ray beam must be centered on the receptor to ensure that all areas are exposed.

Reusable receptor holders must be _________________ after each use.

(1). rinsed with tap water

(2). sterilized

(3). placed in an immersion disinfectant

(4). wiped with disinfectant

ANS: (2). sterilized

Reusable receptor holders must be sterilized after each use; rinsing with tap water is insufficient; wiping with disinfectant is inadequate; placing in an immersion disinfectant is insufficient.

Image magnification occurs when the ______________ distance is increased.

(1). target-receptor

(2). object-receptor

(3). operator-patient

(4). target-object

ANS: (2). object-receptor

An increased object-receptor distance results in increased image magnification.

When placing the receptor in the mandibular premolar region, the receptor must be placed ________ the tongue. When inserting the receptor holder into the mouth, the receptor is tipped __________ the tongue.

(1). over; toward

(2). under; away from

(3). under; toward

(4). over; away from

ANS: (2). under; away from

When placing the receptor in the mandibular premolar region, the receptor must be placed under the tongue. When inserting the receptor holder into the mouth, the receptor is tipped away from the tongue.

Which of the following images must include the crowns, roots, and surrounding bone of the right or left central and lateral incisors?

(1). Mandibular incisor

(2). Maxillary incisor

(3). Maxillary canine

(4). Mandibular canine

ANS: (2). Maxillary incisor

The entire crowns and roots of one lateral and one central incisor, including the apices of the teeth and surrounding structures, must be seen on the maxillary incisor image.

Your patient has a palatal torus, where should you place the receptor?

(1). Place the receptor in front of the torus next to the teeth you are exposing.

(2). Place the receptor on the torus.

(3). You cannot take a periapical, the patient will require a panoramic receptor.

(4). Place the receptor on the far side of the torus.

ANS: (4). Place the receptor on the far side of the torus.

When tori are present, the receptor must be placed on the far side of the torus.

Which target-receptor distance should be used in the paralleling technique to compensate for image magnification and loss of definition?

(1). 16 inches

(2). 12 inches

(3). 8 inches

(4). 4 inches

ANS: (3). 8 inches

4 inches will not compensate for image magnification in the paralleling technique. A long (16-inch) target-receptor distance must be used. 8 inches will not compensate for image magnification in the paralleling technique. A long (16-inch) target-receptor distance must be used. 12 inches will not compensate for image magnification in the paralleling technique. A long (16-inch) target-receptor distance must be used. A long (16-inch) target-receptor distance must be used with the paralleling technique to compensate for image magnification.

Image magnification can be decreased when the _______________ is increased.

(1). target-receptor

(2). target-object

(3). operator-patient

(4). object-receptor

ANS: (1). target-receptor

An increased target-receptor distance can compensate for image magnification.

Which of the Rinn beam alignment device includes one ring and one arm that can be used for anterior, posterior, and bite-wing receptor positioning?

(1). Rinn Flip-Ray System

(2). Rinn SCP-DS FIT Universal Sensor Holder

(3). Rinn XCP-ORA System

(4). Rinn XCP Extension Cone Paralleling System

ANS: (4). Rinn XCP Extension Cone Paralleling System

The Rinn XCP Extension Cone Paralleling System includes three plastic bite-blocks, three plastic aiming rings, and three metal indicator arms. It may be used with film, PSP sensors, and digital sensors. The Rinn XCP-ORA One Ring Arm Positioning System includes one ring and one arm. It was designed to be universal and accommodates anterior, posterior, and bite-wing receptor placement. It may be used with film, PSP sensors, and digital sensors. The Rinn XCP-DS FIT Universal Sensor Holder is a bite-block that includes a self-adjusting clip that stretches to accommodate the size of the digital sensor, regardless of brand or size. The Rinn Flip-Ray System uses a rotating bite-block and ring to eliminate multiple positioning parts. It may be used with film or PSP sensors.

(1) When taking maxillary periapical images on a patient with a shallow palate, there is only one technique that can be used to compensate for lack of parallelism. (2) To compensate for lack of parallelism, the vertical angulation can be increased by 5 to 15 degrees more than the XCP instrument indicates.

(1). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(2). Both statements are true.

(3). Both statements are false.

(4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

ANS: (4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

When the patient has a shallow palate requiring a modification in technique, there are two compensation techniques that can be used. Two cotton rolls can be placed, one on each side of the biteblock, or the vertical angulation can be increased by 5 to 15 degrees more than the XCP instrument indicates.

When using film, the dot should always be placed ________ in relation to the bite-block.

(1). down

(2). up

(3). distal

(4). in the slot

ANS: (4). in the slot

The authors recommend that each film be placed in the bite-block with the dot in the slot.

(1) The dental radiographer should be careful not to stimulate the patient's gag reflex. (2) Once the gag reflex is stimulated, the patient may gag on receptors that could normally be tolerated.

(1). Both statements are true.

(2). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(3). Both statements are false.

(4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

ANS: (1). Both statements are true.

Anterior receptor placements are less likely to cause the patient to gag. Once the gag reflex is stimulated, the patient may gag on receptors that could normally be tolerated.

If you are using size 1 receptors, how many exposures will you need to take of the anterior teeth?

(1). Four

(2). Eight

(3). Six

(4). Seven

ANS: (4). Seven

With a size 1 receptor, a total of seven anterior receptor placements are used in the paralleling technique.

According to the basic principles of the paralleling technique, the receptor is placed in the mouth _________ to the long axis of the tooth being x-rayed, and the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed ____________ to the receptor and long axis of the tooth.

(1). parallel; perpendicular

(2). perpendicular; parallel

(3). parallel; parallel

(4). perpendicular; perpendicular

ANS: (1). parallel; perpendicular

According to the basic principles of the paralleling technique, the receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the long axis of the tooth being x-rayed, and the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the receptor and long axis of the tooth.

Which of the following is a disposable receptor holder designed for one-time use only?

(1). Precision receptor holders

(2). Snap-a-ray receptor holder

(3). Stabe bite-block

(4). Rinn XCP instruments

ANS: (3). Stabe bite-block

Rinn XCP instruments are autoclaved between patients. Precision receptor holders are autoclaved between patients. The Stabe bite-block is a disposable receptor holder designed for one-time use only. The Snap-a-ray receptor holder is autoclaved between patients.

How many exposures of the posterior teeth will you need to take when using the paralleling technique?

(1). Four

(2). Seven

(3). Six

(4). Eight

ANS: (4). Eight

Eight posterior receptor placements are used in the paralleling technique.

Your patient has a shallow palate; you should modify your technique when there is a lack of parallelism ________________.

(1). less than 30 degrees

(2). greater than 30 degrees

(3). greater than 10 degrees

(4). greater than 20 degrees

ANS: (4). greater than 20 degrees

If the patient has a shallow palate, a lack of parallelism of greater than 20 degrees requires a modification in technique.

Which of the following commercially available receptor holders are recommended for use with both the paralleling and the bisecting techniques?1. Rinn XCP instruments2. Rinn BAI instruments3. Precision receptor holder4. Stabe bite-block5. Snap-A-Ray receptor holder

(1). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

(2). 2, 4, 5

(3). 3, 4, 5

(4). 2, 3, 4, 5

ANS: (2). 2, 4, 5

Rinn BAI instruments, Stabe bite-block, and Snap-A-Ray receptor holder are recommended for use with either the paralleling or the bisecting technique.

When the bisecting technique is used, the central ray is directed at 90 degrees to the

(1). long axis of the tooth in the opposing arch.

(2). imaginary bisector.

(3). receptor.

(4). long axis of the tooth in the same arch.

ANS: (2). imaginary bisector.

When the bisecting technique is used, the central ray is directed at 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector.

You are using the Rinn Snap-A-Ray to take a dental image of tooth number 13. What vertical angulation should you set the PID at to get the proper image?

(1). There is no need to set the vertical angulation.

(2). +30 to +40 degrees

(3). -10 to -15 degrees

(4). + 20 to +30 degrees

ANS: (2). +30 to +40 degrees

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular premolars is -10 to -15 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary molars is +20 to +30 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary premolars is +30 to +40 degrees. Setting the vertical angulation is required with the Snap-A-Ray because there is no alignment rod or ring.

Your premolar image is undiagnostic, the mesial half of the dental image is radiopaque. You are missing the canine and first premolar, and the distal edge of the radiopaque area is curved. Which of the following will you adjust to correct this error for the retake?

(1). Horizontal angulation

(2). Receptor exposure

(3). Receptor position

(4). Vertical angulation

ANS: (2). Receptor exposure

Incorrect receptor placement, the first basic rule of bisecting, would affect which teeth were visible on the receptor. Incorrect vertical angulation, the third basic rule of bisecting, causes images that are either elongated or foreshortened. Incorrect horizontal angulation, the fourth rule of bisecting, results in overlapped ("unopened") contact areas. Incorrect receptor exposure caused the conecut on your image. You must correct receptor exposure, the fifth basic rule of bisecting. The x-ray beam (PID) must be centered on the receptor to ensure that all areas are exposed.

Receptor should be placed approximately ____ inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surfaces when using the bisecting technique.

(1). 1/16

(2). 1/8

(3). 1/2

(4). 1/4

ANS: (2). 1/8

The receptor should be placed approximately 1/8 inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surfaces when using the bisecting technique.

The recommended posterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique is to begin with the

(1). maxillary right quadrant.

(2). mandibular right quadrant.

(3). mandibular left quadrant.

(4). maxillary left quadrant.

ANS: (1). maxillary right quadrant.

The recommended posterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique is to begin with the maxillary right quadrant.

You are using the Rinn Snap-A-Ray to take a dental image of tooth #13. What vertical angulation should you set the PID at to get a dental image that is the same length as the tooth?

(1). +30 to +40 degrees

(2). There is no need to set the vertical angulation.

(3). -10 to -15 degrees

(4). + 20 to +30 degrees

ANS: (1). +30 to +40 degrees

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular premolars is -10 to -15 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary molars is +20 to +30 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary premolars is +30 to +40 degrees. Setting the vertical angulation is required with the Snap-A-Ray because there is no alignment rod or ring.

Foreshortened images refer to images of the teeth that appear _________. Foreshortening of images results from ___________ vertical angulation.

(1). shortened; excessive

(2). too long; insufficient

(3). too long; excessive

(4). shortened; insufficient

ANS: (1). shortened; excessive

Foreshortened images refer to images of the teeth that appear shortened. Foreshortening of images results from excessive vertical angulation.

You are using the Rinn Stabe Bite-bloc to take a dental image of teeth numbers 23-26. What vertical angulation should you set the PID at to get the proper image?

(1). -15 to -25 degrees

(2). -20 to -30 degrees

(3). There is no need to set the vertical angulation.

(4). +40 to +50 degrees

ANS: (1). -15 to -25 degrees

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular canines is -20 to -30 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular incisors is -15 to -25 degrees. With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary incisors is +40 to+50 degrees. Setting the vertical angulation is required with the Stabe Biteblock because there is no alignment rod or ring.

According to the text, when exposing a complete mouth image series (CMS) using the bisecting technique, there are ____ recommended size 2 periapical receptor placements.

(1). 19

(2). 12

(3). 14

(4). 7

ANS: (3). 14

According to the text, when exposing a CMRS using the bisecting technique, there are 14 recommended size 2 periapical receptor placements.

According to the text, when exposing the anterior teeth using the bisecting technique, there are ________ recommended size 2 periapical receptor placements.

(1). eight

(2). four

(3). six

(4). seven

ANS: (3). six

With a size 2 receptor, a total of six anterior receptor placements are used in the bisecting technique.

According to the recommended posterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique, the second posterior quadrant exposed should be the

(1). maxillary left quadrant.

(2). maxillary right quadrant.

(3). mandibular left quadrant.

(4). mandibular right quadrant.

ANS: (4). mandibular right quadrant.

According to the recommended posterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique, the second posterior quadrant exposed should be the mandibular right quadrant.

The recommended anterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique starts with the

(1). mandibular left canine.

(2). maxillary right canine.

(3). mandibular right canine.

(4). maxillary left canine.

ANS: (2). maxillary right canine.

The recommended anterior periapical exposure sequence for the bisecting technique starts with the maxillary right canine.

When Rinn BAI instruments are used, "BAI" refers to which of the following?

(1). Both angle integration

(2). Bisecting aiming instrument

(3). Bisecting angle integration

(4). Bisecting angle instrument

ANS: (4). Bisecting angle instrument

"BAI" refers to bisecting angle instrument.

The contacts on your dental image are overlapped, which of the following would you correct when retaking the image?

(1). Receptor placement

(2). Horizontal angulation

(3). Head position

(4). Vertical angulation

ANS: (2). Horizontal angulation

Incorrect horizontal angulation results in overlapped ("unopened") contact areas. Incorrect vertical angulation results in a dental image that is not of the same length as that of the tooth; instead, the image exhibits distortion and appears longer or shorter. Changing your patient's head position will not correct overlapping. Moving the receptor placement will not correct overlapping.

The rule of isometry states that two triangles are equal if they have ______ equal angle(s) and share a common side.

(1). one

(2). three

(3). four

(4). two

ANS: (4). two

The rule of isometry states that two triangles are equal if they have two equal angles and share a common side.

When the bisecting technique is used, foreshortening will occur if the central ray is directed perpendicular to the

(1). plane of the receptor.

(2). imaginary bisector.

(3). long axis of the tooth on the same arch.

(4). long axis of the tooth on the opposite arch.

ANS: (1). plane of the receptor.

When the bisecting technique is used, foreshortening will occur if the central ray is directed perpendicular to the plane of the receptor.

Which of the following commercially available receptor holders is recommended for one-time use only?

(1). Snap-A-Ray receptor holder

(2). Rinn BAI instruments

(3). Rinn XCP instruments

(4). Stabe bite-block

ANS: (4). Stabe bite-block

The Stabe bite-block is recommended for one-time use only.

With the ____________ technique, the vertical angulation is determined by the imaginary bisector; the central ray is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.

(1). bisecting

(2). occlusal

(3). bite-wing

(4). paralleling

ANS: (1). bisecting

With the bisecting technique, the vertical angulation is determined by the imaginary bisector; the central ray is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.

The primary benefit of using a collimator on a Rinn BAI instrument with the bisecting technique is

(1). allowing the operator to have the receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth.

(2). helping to minimize cone cuts.

(3). reducing the patient's exposure to radiation.

(4). assisting in determining vertical angulation.

ANS: (3). reducing the patient's exposure to radiation.

The primary benefit to using receptor holders with the bisecting technique is reducing the patient's exposure to radiation.

With the bite-wing technique, the vertical angulation is predetermined; the central ray is directed at ____ degrees to the occlusal plane.

(1). +20

(2). -10

(3). +10

(4). -20

ANS: (3). +10

With the bite-wing technique, the vertical angulation is predetermined; the central ray is directed at +10 degrees to the occlusal plane.

(1) When using the bisecting technique, the receptor holder or the patient's finger may be used to stabilize the receptor. (2) A beam alignment device is used to stabilize the receptor and to align the position-indicating device (PID).

(1). Both statements are false.

(2). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

(3). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(4). Both statements are true.

ANS: (2). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

When using the bisecting technique, a receptor holder may be used to stabilize the receptor. The patient's finger should not be used. A beam alignment device is used to stabilize the receptor and to align the position-indicating device.

You are using the Rinn BAI System to take a dental image of tooth number 1. What vertical angulation should you set the PID at to get the proper image?

(1). -5 to 0 degrees

(2). There is no need to set the vertical angulation.

(3). +30 to +40 degrees

(4). +20 to +30 degrees

ANS: (2). There is no need to set the vertical angulation.

The Rinn BAI System has an alignment ring and rod, and the PID is aligned with the ring. You will not set the vertical angulation. The recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular molars when there is no aiming rod or ring is -5 to 0 degrees. The recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary molars when there is no aiming rod or ring is +20 to +30 degrees. The recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary premolars when there is no aiming rod or ring is +30 to +40 degrees.

For the maxillary premolar exposure, the mesial edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the maxillary

(1). second bicuspid.

(2). canine.

(3). first bicuspid.

(4). lateral incisor.

ANS: (2). canine.

For the maxillary premolar exposure, the front edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the maxillary canine.

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for tooth number 6 is _________ degrees.

(1). +30 to +40

(2). +40 to +50

(3). +45 to +55

(4). +20 to +30

ANS: (3). +45 to +55

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for maxillary canines is +45 to +55 degrees.

For the mandibular molar exposure, the mesial edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the

(1). second premolar.

(2). canine.

(3). first molar.

(4). first premolar.

ANS: (1). second premolar.

For the mandibular molar exposure, the front edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the second premolar.

Which size receptor is traditionally used with the bisecting technique?

(1). #1 receptor for anterior teeth, #1 receptor for posterior teeth

(2). #2 receptor for anterior teeth and for posterior teeth

(3). #1 receptor for anterior teeth, #2 receptor for posterior teeth

(4). #2 receptor for anterior teeth, #1 receptor for posterior teeth

ANS: (2). #2 receptor for anterior teeth and for posterior teeth

With the bisecting technique, #2 receptor is traditionally used for anterior teeth and for posterior teeth; #1 receptor is recommended for anterior teeth with the paralleling technique. With the bisecting technique, #2 receptor is traditionally used for anterior teeth and for posterior teeth; #1 receptor not used for posterior teeth, it is recommended for anterior teeth with the paralleling technique. With the bisecting technique, #2 receptor is traditionally used for anterior teeth and for posterior teeth.

When the bisecting technique is used, the receptor must be placed along the ________ surface of the tooth.

(1). lingual

(2). buccal

(3). distal

(4). mesial

ANS: (1). lingual

When the bisecting technique is used, the receptor must be placed along the lingual surface of the tooth.

The teeth on your dental images appear shorter than your patient's teeth, which of the following would you correct when retaking the dental image?

(1). Decrease vertical angulation

(2). Increase horizontal angulation

(3). Increase vertical angulation

(4). Decrease horizontal angulation

ANS: (1). Decrease vertical angulation

Incorrect horizontal angulation results in overlapped ("unopened") contact areas. Elongation of images results from insufficient vertical angulation. Foreshortening of images results from excessive vertical angulation, you will need to decrease vertical angulation.

Which of the following techniques use the same principles of horizontal angulation?1. Paralleling2. Bisecting3. Bite-wing

(1). 1, 2

(2). 2, 3

(3). 1, 2, 3

(4). 1, 3

ANS: (3). 1, 2, 3

Paralleling, bisecting, and bite-wing techniques all use the same principles of horizontal angulation.

According to the text, the advantages of the bisecting technique are greater than the disadvantages. Therefore, the bisecting technique should be used instead of the paralleling technique when taking periapical images.

(1). Both statements are true.

(2). Both statements are false.

(3). The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

(4). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

ANS: (2). Both statements are false.

According to the text, the disadvantages of the bisecting technique outweigh the advantages. Therefore, the paralleling technique is preferred over the bisecting technique for exposure of periapical receptors and should be used whenever possible.

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for tooth number 30 is _________ degrees.

(1). -5 to 0

(2). -10 to -15

(3). + 20 to +30

(4). -20 to -30

ANS: (1). -5 to 0

With the bisecting technique, the recommended vertical angulation range for mandibular molars is -5 to 0 degrees.

Elongated images refer to images of the teeth that appear __________. Elongation of images results from _____________ vertical angulation.

(1). shortened; insufficient

(2). too long; excessive

(3). too long; insufficient

(4). shortened; excessive

ANS: (3). too long; insufficient

Elongated images refer to images of the teeth that appear too long. Elongation of images results from insufficient vertical angulation.

When the bisecting technique is used, which of the following angles is bisected?

(1). The angle formed by the central ray and the receptor

(2). The angle that is perpendicular to the receptor

(3). The angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

(4). The angle formed by the central ray and the tooth

ANS: (3). The angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth

The angle formed by the receptor and the long axis of the tooth is the angle that is bisected when the bisecting technique is used.

When adjusting the horizontal angulation, the PID is moved ___________. When adjusting the vertical angulation, the PID is moved ______________.

(1). side-to-side; side-to-side

(2). up-and-down; side-to-side

(3). side-to-side; up-and-down

(4). up-and-down; up-and-down

ANS: (3). side-to-side; up-and-down

Horizontal angulation refers to the placement of the PID in a side-to-side plane. Vertical angulation refers to the positioning of the PID in an up-and-down plane.

The primary disadvantage of the bisecting technique when contrasted with the paralleling technique is

(1). dimensional distortion.

(2). requirement of a receptor holder.

(3). longer exposure times.

(4). greater magnification.

ANS: (1). dimensional distortion.

The primary disadvantage of the bisecting technique when contrasted with the paralleling technique is dimensional distortion.

According to the text, the identification dot on the film in bite-wing placement

(1). should be oriented "dot down."

(2). should be oriented "dot distal."

(3). should be oriented "dot up."

(4). has no significance.

ANS: (4). has no significance.

According to the text, the identification dot on the film in bite-wing placement has no significance.

Where should you position the mesial edge of the receptor when taking a molar bite-wing image?

(1). Midline of the maxillary second premolar

(2). Distal of the maxillary first premolar

(3). Midline of the mandibular second premolar

(4). Distal of the mandibular first premolar

ANS: (3). Midline of the mandibular second premolar

For the molar bite-wing exposure, the front edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the mandibular second premolar.

_______ sizes of bite-wing receptors are available.

(1). Two

(2). Three

(3). Six

(4). Four

ANS: (2). Three

Three sizes of bite-wing receptors are available.

In the adult patient, which size receptor is recommended for bite-wing exposures?

(1). Size 3

(2). Size 2

(3). Size 1

(4). Size 0

ANS: (2). Size 2

In the adult patient, size 2 receptor is recommended for bite-wing exposures.

Which of the following exposure sequences is recommended for the patient who requires both periapical and bite-wing images?1. Bite-wing exposures2. Anterior periapical receptors3. Posterior periapical receptors

(1). 2, 3, 1

(2). 1, 2, 3

(3). 2, 1, 3

(4). 3, 1, 2

ANS: (1). 2, 3, 1

The recommended exposure sequence for the patient who requires both periapical and bite-wing images is anterior periapical receptors, posterior periapical receptors, and bite-wing exposures.

When determining vertical angulation, if the position-indicating device (PID) is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed _______, the vertical angulation is termed _________.

(1). downward; negative

(2). upward; negative

(3). upward; positive

(4). downward; positive

ANS: (4). downward; positive

When determining vertical angulation, if the PID is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed downward, the vertical angulation is termed positive.

(1) Overlapped interproximal contacts are caused by improper vertical angulation. (2) To prevent overlap, the vertical angulation should be adjusted to +10 degrees.

(1). Both statements are false.

(2). Both statements are true.

(3). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(4). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

ANS: (1). Both statements are false.

Overlapped interproximal contacts are caused by improper horizontal angulation. To prevent overlap, the horizontal angulation needs to be adjusted.

Vertical bite-wings are often used for patients with

(1). mixed dentition.

(2). bone loss.

(3). sealants.

(4). extensive decay.

ANS: (2). bone loss.

Vertical bite-wings are often used for patients with bone loss.

When taking a premolar bite-wing image, in order to follow rule number 5 of the bite-wing technique, receptor exposure, what must the mesial part of the PID cover?

(1). Mandibular premolar

(2). Both premolars

(3). Mandibular canine

(4). Both canines

ANS: (4). Both canines

For the premolar bite-wing exposure, the PID is positioned far enough forward to cover both maxillary and mandibular canines.

Where should you position the mesial edge of the receptor when taking a premolar bite-wing image?

(1). Midline of the mandibular canine

(2). Mesial of the maxillary first premolar

(3). Midline of the maxillary canine

(4). Mesial of the mandibular first premolar

ANS: (1). Midline of the mandibular canine

For the premolar bite-wing exposure, the front edge of the receptor should be aligned with the midline of the mandibular canine.

You have a 4-year-old boy in your chair, which size receptor will you need to use to take bite-wing images on him?

(1). Size 3

(2). Size 0

(3). Size 1

(4). Size 2

ANS: (2). Size 0

Size 0 bite-wing receptor is used to examine the posterior teeth of children with primary dentition. Size 1 receptor is used for anterior periapical images on adults. Size 2 is used to examine the posterior teeth in older children and adults and may be placed horizontally or vertically. Size 3 is longer and narrower than the standard size 2 receptor and is used only for bite-wing exposures.

Your 35-year-old patient has clinical attachment loss in the posterior teeth. What type of bite-wing images should you take, and what size receptor should you use?

(1). Horizontal; 1

(2). Vertical; 2

(3). Horizontal; 2

(4). Vertical; 1

ANS: (2). Vertical; 2

When vertical posterior bite-wing exposures are indicated, size 2 receptor is placed with the long portion of the receptor in a vertical direction.

(1) Size 3 receptor can only be used for bite-wing images. (2) Size 3 receptor is the recommended size for adult bite-wing images.

(1). Both statements are false.

(2). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

(3). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

(4). Both statements are true

ANS: (3). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

Size 3 receptor is used only for bite-wing images. Size 3 bite-wing receptor is not recommended for adult bite-wings. Size 2 receptor is recommended for adult bite-wings.

Which size bite-wing receptor may be placed in a horizontal or vertical position?

(1). Size 0

(2). Size 3

(3). Size 2

(4). Size 1

ANS: (3). Size 2

Size 2 bite-wing receptor may be placed in a horizontal or vertical position.

What modification in technique is recommended when the patient has an edentulous space causing a problem with bite-wing receptor placement?

(1). Take a periapical receptor with a bite-block instead.

(2). Have the patient hold the receptor in position with a hemostat.

(3). Place a cotton roll in the area of the missing tooth or teeth.

(4). Skip the bite-wing receptor.

ANS: (3). Place a cotton roll in the area of the missing tooth or teeth.

Place a cotton roll in the area of the missing tooth or teeth.

(1) The bite-wing tab is a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around a periapical film or sensor and used to stabilize the receptor during exposure. (2) The periapical receptor is oriented in the bite loop so that the tab portion extends from the white side (tube side) of the film or sensor.

(1). The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

(2). Both statements are true.

(3). Both statements are false.

(4). The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

ANS: (2). Both statements are true.

The bite-wing tab is a heavy paperboard tab or loop fitted around a periapical receptor and used to stabilize the receptor during exposure. The periapical receptor is oriented in the bite loop so that the tab portion extends from the white side (tube side) of the film or sensor.