unit 3.1 - reconnaissance, comm rev, and rise + fall of spain

prince henry the navigator

visionary for vasco da gama’s pursuits even though he lived before da gama’s time

• created a school of navigation that allowed for explorers like da gama to travel efficiently and successfully

• major supporter of maritime exploration

cervantes

author of don quixote

• tells the story of an older, naive noble who believes he is a Middle Ages knight

• the noble attempts to save damsels in distress from dragons, which are actually windmills

  • represents spain’s resistance to change + its refusal to incorporate new technology into spanish culture

ferdinand and isabella (columbus)

visionaries behind cc’s journey

• funded columbus’ trip so that they could get access to new, faster trade routes

• sponsorship of voyage was considered unimportant at the time because they had just won the battle of grenada, reclaiming the Iberian peninsula from the muslims

charles V

served as the holy roman emperor, king of spain, and king of austria

• had little regard for spain, but he did heavily tax the spanish people to fund various wars

abdicated a year after trying and failing to establish a unified europe

• divided his titles between his son, philip II, who became the king of spain, and ferdinand I, who became the king of austria and holy roman emperor

philip II

“new monarch” who ushered spain into its cultural and political golden age

• inherited a large bureaucracy w/ a cortes in place

• annexed portugal, which gave spain the opportunity to colonize all of south america and parts of africa

• declared madrid to be the capital of spain, constructed el escorial, and married mary tudor, the queen of england

el escorial

an extravagant palace constructed during the reign of philip II

• has a church built into it so that philip could attend mass before his death

  • demonstrates the Catholic zeal of spain at the timc

• resting place of charles V, philip II, and mary tudor

velasquez

the most important artist of the baroque era

• began painting at age 27 for the italian royal family

• painted the watersmith of seville and las meninas, which is considered one of the greatest paintings of all time

reconquista (1482-1492)

a spanish military effort to reclaim the iberian peninsula from muslim control

• culminated in the battle of granada,where spain finally eliminated muslim rule under the direction of ferdinand and isabella

  • led to spain unifying

spanish inquisition

a movement beginning in 1478 that was established to bring religious unity to spain

• Isabella forced 200,000 jews to leave spain and made catholicism mandatory ten years later

• 150,000 persecuted, 3,000-5,000 people killed

• lasted until the 1800s

dutch east india company (1602)

navigation acts (1651)

adam smith (1776)

mercantilism

what were the major motivations of europeans during  the age of exploration and expansion?

describe the impact of the european expansion on indigenous people.

why were the europeans so successful in colonizing the new world, but not africa?

describe spain’s successes and failures in the fight to preserve catholicism.

what was the social cost and gain of spanish aggression under philip II within spain and the netherlands?