Computer Science Exam Prep YEAR 8

What does UI stand for?

User interface

What does UI mean?

To design screens with buttons, text boxes and labels.

Why do we need to use variables?

To store user input ( like name or score )

What does Event-driven programming mean?

To have an app responds to clicks and inputs using onEvent

What does navigate to mean?

Switch between screens based on what the use does

List 3 code blocks and what they do:

• getText – reads what's in a text box.

• setText – changes the text in a box or label.

• console.log – shows messages in the debug console for testing.

What do vector graphs use?

Math path ( stay sharp when zoomed in)

What do raster graphs use?

Pixels ( can go blurry when enlarged )

What does fill and stroke mean?

Fill - inside color Stroke - outline colour and thickness

Grouping and alignment tools meaning

Grouping - keep items together Alignment tools - line things up

Why do we need layers?

To organize complex designs

Why do we need to convert text to path?

To edit like a shape

What should we export artwork as?

SVG or PNG

What should we use to reshape objects?

Nodes and bezier curves

What are 2 types of loops?

Repeat - for a certain number of times

Forever - repeat forever

What are 2 conditionals?

If - checks something and does an action

If/else - does one thing if true, another if false

What do we use for things like score, time or health?

Variables

What does Broadcast let us do?

Lets sprite communicate

What can we create games with?

Levels

Points

Sound

Why do we use the green flag? 2 reasons.

Start and stop to test or debug

What commands should we use to move turtle and draw? ( 8 )

FORWARD, BACKWARD, LEFT, RIGHT, PENUP (no drawing) PENDOWN (start drawing) CLEARSCREEN, REPEAT

What do angles control in Logo Programming?

The tunes ( 90 degrees for squares, 120 for triangles )

5 Key Terms for App Lab

Event, Button, User Interface, Variable, onEvent

Key terms for Scratch

Sprite, Stage, Backdrop, Broad cast, Loop

Key terms for Logo Programming

Forward, Backward, Left, Right, Clearscreen

Key terms for Vector Graphics

Vector, Rastor, Union, Difference, Intersection

What does Union do?

Joins two or more shapes together into 1 single shape

Difference meaning

Subtracts the top shape from the bottom and leaves a cut-out in the shape underneath

Intersection Meaning

Keeps only the overlapping part, everything else disappears

Exclusion meaning

Removes the overlapping area, keeps non-overlapping parts, looks like the opposite of intersection.

UI meaning

The design of an app that users interact with (buttons, screens, text boxes).

Event

An action that the app responds to

Button

A clickable part of the UI tat can trigger actionf

Text Box

A space where users can type input

Screen

A section or page of the app

Variable

A container that stores information like a name or score.

get Text

Code used to read text from a text box

set Text

Code used to display text in a lable or box

console.log

Used to show messages in the debug console ( for testing )

onEvent

Code that tells the app what to do when something happen

navigateTo

Moves from one screen to another in an app

Vector Graphic

Image made of paths ( can scale without losing quality)

Raster Graphic

Image made of pixels ( Can blur when resized )

Object to path

Turns shapes or text into editable paths

Nodes

Points on a path you can move to change shape

Fill

The inside of a shape

Stroke

The outline of a shape

Group

Links multiple objects to move or edit together

Ungroup

Splits grouped objects so they can be edited seperatly

Align and Distribute

Tools to line up objects evenly

Layers

Seperate levels for organising complex artwork

SVG

A vector image file that keeps pathss and quality

PNG

A pixel based image file, good for web use

Sprite

A character or object in Scratch

Stage

The area where the sprite perform actions

Backdrop

The backround of the stage

Broadcast

Sends messags between sprites to control actions

Loop

A command that repeats a block of code

Forever

A loop that never stops

Repeat

A loop that runs a set number of times

Variable

Stores information like score, time or health

If

Runs code only if a condition is ture

If/Else

Runs one thing if true, something else if false

Costume

Different looks for a sprite

Debug

Finding and fixing problems in you codes

Forward

Moves the turtle forward

Backward

Moves the turtle backward

Left

Tuns the turtle left

Right

Turns the turtle right

Clearscreen

Cleers the drawing

Repeat ( turtle )

Repeats a set of commands

Penup

Lifts the pen

Pendown

Puts the pen down

Sequence

A set of steps in order

Turn

Changes the turtle direction

Angle

The size of the turn

Which Inkscape tool would you use to draw freehand shapes or lines like a sketch?

Draw Freehand Lines ( P )

Why are vector graphics often used for designing logos and icons instead of photos?

Because they use paths instead of pixels, so they can be resized without losing quality — perfect for clear logos and icons.

What is the main benefit of using vector graphics for illustrations on posters or websites?

They can be scaled to any size without becoming blurry or pixelated.

How does the “Difference” path operation work, and when might you use it in logo design?

It cuts the top shape out of the bottom one, leaving a hole. Useful for creating cut-out shapes or negative space in logos.

What is the purpose of the “Fill and Stroke” panel when creating digital illustrations?

It lets you change the color inside a shape (fill), adjust the outline (stroke) color, stroke thickness, and style.

What file format is commonly used to save and export vector graphics?

SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is the most common vector file format. PNG is used to export as an image.

Which path operation in Inkscape combines two shapes into one single shape?

Union — it merges the selected shapes into one new shape.

How does scaling a vector image affect its quality compared to a raster image?

A vector image keeps its quality when resized; a raster image becomes blurry or pixelated when scaled up.

Give an example of a project where you would choose vector graphics over raster images. Why?

Logo design — because logos need to be resized for business cards, posters, or websites without losing quality.

What does the "Object to Path" tool allow you to do with text in Inkscape?

It converts text into editable shapes, so you can adjust the nodes and curves like any vector object. (You can no longer edit the text as text.)

What is the main visual change that happens when you use "Stroke to Path" on a thick line?

It turns the outline (stroke) into a filled shape, matching the thickness of the line — it's now a closed path instead of just a stroke.

In what order must you select shapes when using "Difference," and why does the order matter?

You must select the bottom shape first, then the top shape. The top shape cuts out of the bottom one — the result keeps what's left of the bottom shape.

What is the difference between "Exclusion" and "Intersection"?

• Exclusion removes the overlapping area and keeps the non-overlapping parts of both shapes.

• Intersection keeps only the overlapping area and removes everything else.

What is the keyboard shortcut to group objects, and what is the benefit of grouping them?

Ctrl + G groups objects. Grouping keeps multiple objects together as one, so you can move, resize, or edit them as a unit.

What three things can you modify using the "Fill and Stroke" panel in Inkscape?

You can change the fill color, stroke (outline) color, and stroke thickness or style.

Why might you use a gradient fill instead of a solid color in your design?

To create a 3D effect, add shading or lighting, and make the design look more realistic or stylish.

What is a vector graphic?

A vector graphic is an image made of lines, curves, and shapes that can be resized without becoming blurry.

Name three tools in Inkscape you’ve used so far.

Select Tool, Pencil (Freehand) Tool, and Shape Tool (like rectangle or ellipse).

What’s the difference between a bitmap and a vector image?

A bitmap (raster) image is made of pixels and can become blurry when zoomed in, while a vector image is made of shapes and paths and stays clear at any size.

Give an example of a logo you’ve seen that uses vector design.

The Nike Swoosh is a good example of a logo made using vector design.

What tool would you use to edit individual nodes in a shape?

The Node Tool.

What is the purpose of the ‘Fill and Stroke’ panel?

It lets you change the fill color, outline (stroke) color, and stroke thickness or style.

How do you group objects together in Inkscape?

Select the objects and press Ctrl + G to group them.

What’s the difference between a logo and an icon?

A logo represents a brand or company, while an icon is a small image or symbol used to represent a function or idea (like an app or button).