1400s

The 1379 Treaty of Neuberg divided Habsburg lands into which two branches?

Albertine and Leopoldian

Who was Jacqueline of Hainaut’s father, and to which Bavarian branch did he belong?

William II of Bavaria-Straubing (or William VI of Holland)

Who ruled Bavaria-Landshut in the 15th century in order?

Henry XVI the Rich; Louis IX the Rich, George I the Rich

What was the plot called to restore Richard II to the throne, and in what year did it occur?

Epiphany Rising, 1400

Who became King of the Romans after Wenceslaus was deposed in 1400?

Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine

What early 15th-century Albanian hero led the resistance against the Ottomans?

Skanderbeg

Who was burned at the stake for being a Lollard in 1401?

William Sawtrey

Who won the 1401 competition for the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery?

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Which Scottish heir died in 1402 while being held captive by his uncle, 1st Duke of Albany?

David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

In what battle of 1402 did Glyndŵr capture Edmund Mortimer, who later married the former’s daughter?

Battle of Bryn Glas

Who were the two main parties at the Battle of Homildon Hill, and in what year did it take place?

Hotspur and the Earl of Douglas, 1402

In what year was the Charles Bridge in Prague completed?

1402

At what 1402 battle did Timur defeat and capture Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I?

Battle of Ankara

Whose 1402 defeat at Ankara and subsequent death in captivity in 1403 sparked the Ottoman Interregnum?

Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan

Which treaty saw Süleyman Çelebi grant major concessions to Christian powers in 1403?

Treaty of Gallipoli

Which antipope fled to the Crown of Aragon during the French siege of the papal palace in Avignon in 1403?

Antipope Benedict XIII

What influential battle was fought in 1403 between the Percys and Henry IV?

Battle of Shrewsbury

Who succeeded Philip II (Philip the Bold) as Duke of Burgundy, and in what year?

John the Fearless, 1404

Where was Owain Glyndŵr crowned in 1404?

Harlech

Who succeeded Pope Boniface IX in 1404?

Innocent VII

In what year did John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, become Count of Flanders upon the death of his mother, Margaret III, Countess of Flanders?

1405

What was the outcome of the War of Padua (1404–1405)?

Padua surrendered to the Republic of Venice

In what year was Prince James captured and subsequently held hostage by the English?

1406

In 1406, Pope Innocent VII died after only a two-year reign. Who succeeded him?

Pope Gregory XII

In 1407, which French duke assassinated which French duke?

John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, assassinated Louis I, Duke of Orléans

In 1408, the Percys were defeated by royalists at what battle?

Battle of Bramham Moor

What did Sigismund found in 1408?

Order of the Dragon

What council sought to end the Great Western Schism between Gregory XII of Rome and Benedict XIII of Avignon in 1409?

Council of Pisa

Who did the Council of Pisa elect as pope?

Alexander V

After Pope Alexander V’s brief reign, who succeeded him in 1410? Like Alexander V, he was in opposition to Gregory XII.

John XXIII

Which King of the Romans died in 1410?

Rupert, Elector Palatine

When Rupert III, Elector Palatine, died in 1410, what four branches did the Palatine Wittelsbachs produce?

Elector and main part, Palatinate-Neumarkt, Palatinate-Simmern, Palatinate-Mosbach

Which Teutonic Grandmaster died in 1410 and who succeeded him?

Ulrich von Jungingen died; Heinrich von Plauen succeeded him

When King Martin I of Aragon died in 1410, there were five contenders for his successor. Who was crowned in 1412, and what was the agreement called?

Ferdinand I, Compromise of Caspe

What battle saw Polish and Lithuanian forces crush the Teutonic Order in 1410?

Battle of Grunwald

In what year was Sigismund of Hungary unambiguously elected King of the Romans?

1411

What treaty between the Teutonic Order and the Polish-Lithuanian alliance ended the war in 1411?

First Peace of Thorn

Which Milanese duke was assassinated in 1412?

Gian Maria Visconti

Which duke succeeded Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan in 1412?

Filippo Maria Visconti

What treaty in 1412 stated that King Henry IV would help Charles VI against the Burgundians in exchange for sovereignty over Aquitaine and Gascony?

Treaty of Bourges

Following Queen Margaret I’s death in 1412, who became ruler of the Kalmar Union?

Eric of Pomerania

In what revolt of 1413 did the Burgundians seize the Bastille and take control of Paris for four months?

Cabochien Revolt

At the Battle of Çamurlu, who decisively ended the Ottoman Interregnum?

Mehmed I defeated his brother Musa

The Union of Horodło was signed between which two states in 1413?

Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania

What university was chartered by papal bull in 1413?

University of St Andrews

Who succeeded Ladislaus as King of Naples in 1414?

Joanna II

What revolt against Henry V took place at St Giles’ Field in 1414?

Oldcastle Revolt

Which Portuguese city was conquered from the Marinids in 1415, marking the beginning of Portuguese overseas expansion?

Ceuta

What city did Henry V land at and capture before the 1415 Battle of Agincourt?

Harfleur

Who was imprisoned for heresy and later burned at the stake in 1415?

Jan Hus

What council convened in 1414 to solve the problem of three popes? Who were the three popes?

Council of Constance; Gregory XII of Rome, Benedict XIII of Avignon, John XXIII of Pisa

Who became Elector of Brandenburg in 1415, the first ruler of the House of Hohenzollern?

Frederick I

What was the attempted assassination plot against Henry V in 1415 called?

Southampton Plot

At what battle did Venetian admiral Pietro Loredan destroy the Ottoman fleet in 1416?

Battle of Gallipoli

Who was executed for heresy by the Council of Constance in 1416 after refusing to recant?

Jerome of Prague

What decree of the Council of Constance declared that an ecumenical council held authority over the pope?

Haec Sancta

What treaty allied Sigismund with Henry V against France in 1416?

Treaty of Canterbury

Which pope was unanimously elected in 1417 to end the Western Schism?

Martin V

When did Henry V begin the Siege of Rouen?

1418

Which architect was commissioned to rebuild San Lorenzo in Florence beginning in 1418?

Filippo Brunelleschi

What major figure was assassinated in France in 1419?

John the Fearless

In what year did the First Defenestration of Prague occur?

1419

Which Hussite priest led the procession before the First Defenestration of Prague?

Jan Želivský

What battle of 1420 saw Jan Žižka defeat Holy Roman forces?

Battle of Vítkov Hill

What treaty saw Charles VI of France acknowledge Henry V and Catherine of Valois’s future son as his heir, and in what year?

Treaty of Troyes, 1420

What important figure was killed at the Battle of Baugé in 1421?

Thomas, Duke of Clarence

Who assumed power from Manuel II Palaiologos as Byzantine emperor in 1421?

John VIII Palaiologos

Which Ottoman sultan died in 1421, and who succeeded him?

Mehmed I died; Murad II succeeded him

What war culminated in the Treaty of Melno in 1422? It permanently ceded Samogitia to Lithuania.

Golub War

What battle of 1424 is sometimes known as the second Agincourt?

Battle of Verneuil

Who took over from Jan Zizka in 1424 to lead the Hussites?

Prokop the Great

Name the three principal Bavarian Wittelsbach duchies remaining after the extinction of Bavaria-Straubing.

Bavaria-Munich, Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Ingolstadt

In what years did Dan II and Radu II repeatedly contest the throne of Wallachia?

1420–1427

Why did Bavaria-Straubing disappear?

Male line became extinct when William’s brother John III died childless in 1425

In what year was the Battle of the Herrings?

1429

What major English siege was lifted by French forces under Joan of Arc in 1429?

Siege of Orléans

What battle of the Hundred Years’ War saw English forces smashed and allowed Charles VII to be crowned at Reims in 1429?

Battle of Patay

Who was elected to replace Vytautus, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in 1430? It violated the agreement with Poland to allow their nobles to participate in the election.

Svitrigaila

From when to when was Vytautas the Great Grand Duke of Lithuania?

1401–1430

Who became the new Pope in 1431, the 207th?

Eugene IV

The Treaty of Chritmemel saw which two groups create an anti-Polish alliance in 1431?

Teutonic Knights and Svitrigaila

In what year was Joan of Arc executed?

1431

With Polish support, who became the rival Lithuanian Grand Duke in 1432?

Sigismund Kestutaitis

In what year was Sigismund crowned Holy Roman Emperor? The post had been vacant since the death of Charles IV in 1378.

1433

At what battle were the Hussites effectively defeated in 1434?

Battle of Lipany

Who became the dominant political figure in Florence after returning from exile in 1434?

Cosimo de’ Medici

In what years was the siege of Paris, when Charles VII and co. managed to regain control from the English?

1435–1436

At the Peace of Brześć Kujawski in 1435, whom did the Teutons agree to stop supporting?

Svitrigaila

Where did the reconciliation between Philip the Good and Charles VII occur and in what year?

Congress of Arras, 1435

When was Joanna II of Naples’s reign?

1414–1435

When Erik of Pomerania was deposed from the Swedish throne for the second time in 1436, who succeeded him?

Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson

Who replaced Louis III as Elector Palatine in 1436?

Louis IV of Wittelsbach

What agreement ended the Hussite Wars in 1436?

Compacts of Basel

When did Brunelleschi complete the dome of the Florence Cathedral?

1436

Which western king was murdered in 1437?

James I, King of Scotland

Who was crowned King of Hungary after Sigismund’s death in 1438?

Albert II of Habsburg

What war, from 1438–1441, revolved around trade in northwestern Europe?

Dutch–Hanseatic War

Who became King of Portugal after the death of King Edward in 1438?

Afonso V

Who succeeded Edward of Portugal and what were their ruling dates?

Afonso V of Portugal; 1438–1477

Who ruled Bavaria-Munich from 1438 to 1460?

Albert III