Self-Concept and Social Psychology Principles

A collection of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts about self-concept, social comparison, and other principles of psychology.

The self-concept is defined as the knowledge we have about who we are, including our __, __, and __ self.

Actual self, ideal self, ought self.

Self-schemas are cognitive generalizations about the self derived from __ that organize self-related information.

Past experience.

Low self-concept clarity is associated with low self-esteem, rumination, and a belief that happiness is __.

Achievable externally.

The process of looking inward to examine one's thoughts and feelings is called __.

Introspection.

Self-awareness theory posits that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behaviour to their and .

Internal standards, values.

The Overjustification effect refers to the phenomenon where people view their behaviour as caused by __ reasons, leading to a loss of intrinsic interest in activities.

Extrinsic.

Social comparison theory explains we compare ourselves to others when we experience __ about ourselves in a particular area.

Uncertainty.

Self-control is the ability to subdue immediate __ in order to achieve long-term goals.

Desires.

The __ social comparison involves comparing ourselves to those who are worse off than us in a particular trait.

Downward.

The __ effect refers to the tendency to judge our in-group members more positively than those in an out-group.

In-group bias.

According to social exchange theory, people's feelings about their relationships depend on their perception of the rewards and __ in that relationship.

Costs.

The __ theory posits that people are happiest in relationships where the rewards and contributions are roughly equal.

Equity.

The __ effect indicates that the more we see and interact with someone, the more likely we are to become friends.

Propinquity.

Pro-social behaviour is any act performed with the goal of __ another person.

Benefiting.

Altruism is the desire to help another person even if it involves a __ to the helper.

Cost.

The __ effect refers to the phenomenon where people are less likely to help in an emergency when more bystanders are present.

Bystander.

Aggression is defined as intentional behaviour aimed at causing either physical or psychological __.

Harm.

The __ hypothesis suggests that we may act aggressively when we feel frustrated due to perceived obstacles to our goals.

Frustration-aggression.

Stereotypes serve to organize information in a way that is readily __ and resistant to change.

Accessible.

__ racism refers to acting unprejudiced outwardly while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes.

Modern.

The __ hypothesis explains how automatically activated racial attitudes can be changed through long-term interracial relationships.

Contact.

The __ model proposes that relationships can provide an avenue for people to grow and fulfill their potential.

Self-expansion.