MODULE 1.3 (Prelim)

models of urban design

are conceptual frameworks and approaches that guide the planning, development, and organization of cities and urban spaces. These models help urban planners, architects, and policymakers make informed decisions about how to shape and improve urban environments

traditional urban design

was characterized by compact, mixed-use settlements with a focus on pedestrianfriendly streets and public spaces.

Venice, Italy

a prime example of traditional urbanism with its narrow, winding streets, canals, and mixed-use buildings dating back centuries

Garden City

introduced planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts

letchworth

is one of the earliest planned garden cities, featuring green spaces, tree-lined streets, and a focus on community wellbeing

reston virginia

was developed as a garden city in the United States, emphasizing open spaces, pedestrian-friendly design, and a mix of housing and commercial areas

City beautiful movement

this emphasized neoclassical architecture, grand civic centers, and park design to beautify American cities. Notable examples include the design of Washington, D.C., and the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

washington D.C.

was designed with neoclassical architecture and grand boulevards, reflecting the City Beautiful Movement's principles

Chicago burnham plan

is a famous example, envisioning a beautiful, orderly city with a focus on parks, waterfronts, and efficient transportation

radiant City

proposed high-rise, modernist residential towers set in green spaces. Chandigarh, India, is an example influenced by this model.

chandigarh, India

was designed by Le Corbusier as a modernist city with high-rise buildings and green spaces, influenced by the Radiant City model.

Brasilia, Brazil

also features modernist architecture and a layout inspired by the Radiant City concept.

neighborhood unit

focused on self-contained neighborhoods with local amenities, emphasizing walkability and community cohesion

Radhum, new jersey

is a planned community designed by Clarence Stein, featuring neighborhood units with local schools, parks, and community centers.

Cumbernauld, Scotland

is an example of a new town in Scotland that incorporates neighborhood unit principles, with a focus on walkability and local amenities.

New Urbanism

promotes mixed-use, walkable communities with a strong sense of place. Seaside, Florida, is often cited as an example.

Seaside, Florida, USA

is often considered the epitome of New Urbanism, featuring a walkable town center, mixed-use buildings, and a strong sense of community.

Portland, Oregon, USA

embraces New Urbanist principles, with its emphasis on public transportation, cycling infrastructure, and neighborhood oriented planning

smart growth

encourages compact, transit-oriented development to combat urban sprawl and promote sustainability.

Vancouver, Canada

has implemented smart growth strategies, emphasizing high-density development near transit lines and preserving green spaces.

Copenhagen, Denmark

consistently ranks as one of the world's most bikefriendly cities. It has invested in extensive cycling infrastructure, pedestrian-friendly streets, and efficient public transportation, aligning with smart growth principles to reduce traffic congestion and promote sustainable transportation.

Sustainable Urbanism

integrates environmental sustainability into urban design, with an emphasis on green building practices and eco-friendly infrastructure

Malmo, Sweden

is known for its sustainable urban development, including eco-friendly architecture, renewable energy, and extensive green infrastructure

Fremont, Seattle, USA

incorporates sustainable urbanism with its green building practices, public transportation options, and ecoconscious community initiatives.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

focuses on designing urban areas around public transit hubs to reduce car dependency and encourage high-density development.

hondkong

_____ Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system is a model for TOD. The city's high-density residential and commercial developments are seamlessly integrated with transit stations, making it easy for residents to access public transportation.

Curitiba

BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system, known as TransMilenio, has been a catalyst for TOD in the city.______ has created dedicated bus lanes and pedestrian-friendly streets around BRT stations, promoting mixeduse development.

Responsive Environments

incorporate technology and data-driven solutions to create adaptable and efficient urban spaces. Smart city initiatives fall under this model

Dubai

is known for its ambitious use of technology in urban development. The city has introduced autonomous drones for public transport, smart traffic management systems, and even plans for a "Mall of the Future" with responsive retail experiences. Dubai's goal is to become one of the world's smartest cities.

Barcelona

has embraced smart city technology to improve urban mobility and sustainability. The city uses sensors to monitor and manage traffic flow, optimize waste collection, and control street lighting. The "Superblocks" initiative aims to create car-free zones by reconfiguring streets and public spaces to prioritize pedestrians and cyclist