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coronal/frontal
divides the body perpendicular
sagittal
_____: a vertical plane passing through the standing body from front to back.
tranverse/horizontal
_____: plane that divides the body from the upper and lower half
superior
_____: toward the head of the body
posterior dorsal
_____: the back of a structure
inferior
_____: towards the bottom or away from the head-end of the body
anterior ventral
_____: the front or direction toward the front of the body
medial
_____: towards the middle of the body
lateral
_____: to the side of, or away from, the middle of the body
proximal
_____: nearer to the center of the body or point of attachment
distal
_____: sites located away from a specific area, most often from the center of the body
supine
_____: used to describe a person laying on their back
superficial
_____: deep inside the body
prone
_____: used to describe a person laying down
adduction
_____: when you move a limb/body part towards the center of the body
abduction
_____: moving a limb/body part away from the center of the body
elevation
_____: moving upward
depression
_____: moving downward
supra, super, hyper
above or more
infra, sub, hypo
below or less
What are the four basic types of tissues in the human body?
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
stratified squamous epithelium
vocal folds
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
vocal tract
simple epothelium
_____: ciliated epithelium: with cilia (lashes) on top, lining of nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi
compound epithelium
______: stratified epithelium: layers of cells on top of one another, lining of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus
basement membrane (baseplate)
______: made up of collagen: thing but strong, serves as a point of attachment for columnar or squamous cells, underlies epithelium and provides support (especially in vocal folds)
adipose
_____: cells with fat globules
white fibrous
_____: strong, closely packed, flexible: ligaments binding bones; periosteum over bone; covering og organs; fascia over muscle
yellow elastic
_____: elastic: in areas requiring recoil, such as cartilage of trachea, larynx, bronchi
cartilage
_____: firm and flexible
hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
What are three kinds of cartilage?
hyaline
_____: makes up the larynx, clearer looking substance
fibrocartilage
_____: makes up the vertebral discs, densely layered collagen fibers and more flattened and organized cell rows
elastic cartilage
_____: makes up the epiglottis and eustachian tubes, is visible elastics fibers in the matrix
fascia
_____: a sheet or band of connective tissue that forms a membrane that supports many structures in the body
ligaments
_____: very dense connective tissue that connects more rigid structures.
(cartilage to bone- all over the larynx)
tendons
_____: flexible connective tissue that provides muscle-to-bone, muscle-to-cartilage, or muscle-to-muscle connection
(think tender).
skeletal muscles
_____: voluntary muscle, striated muscle, somatic muscles.
muscle associated with conscious movement
vocal folds, abdominal muscle, etc
smooth muscles
_____: visceral muscles
muscles associated with involuntary function
glands, organs of digestion, etc.
origin
_____: the least mobile point of attachment, usually proximal
insertion
_____: the point of attachment that moves as a result of contraction, usually distal
agonists
_____: muscles that move contract for a specific movement
antagonists
_____: muscles that contract in opposition to a movement *stretch weakness*
fixators
_____: muscles that stabilize structures during movement
synergist
_____: muscles that assist the agonist in the movement
innervation
_____: the cranial or spinal nerve that connects to and controls the muscle