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26 Terms
1
Simulation
A computer representation of real things or situations that vary over time, designed for a particular purpose.
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2
Infinite loop
A sequence of computer instructions that repeats forever.
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3
Unsolvable problem
A problem for which no algorithm can ever be written to find the solution.
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4
Undecidable problem
A problem for which no algorithm can always give a correct true/false decision for every input value.
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5
Lossless data compression
Algorithms that are reversible with no loss in quality; you can reconstruct the original data.
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6
Lossy data compression
Algorithms that are not fully reversible; only an approximation of the original data can be reconstructed.
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7
Binary sequence
A string of ones and zeros, also called a bitstream.
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8
Analog data
Data that have values that change smoothly, unlike digital data which change in discrete intervals.
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9
Sampling
Measuring values, called samples, of an analog signal at regular intervals.
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10
Sampling rate
The number of samples measured per second.
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11
Bit
A single unit of data that can have one of two values, typically represented as 0 (off) and 1 (on).
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12
Byte
A unit of data consisting of eight bits.
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13
Word
A sequence of bits the CPU processes at a time, typically 32 or 64 bits as of 2017.
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14
Metadata
Data about data, such as creation date or file size of an image.
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15
Binary search algorithm
An algorithm that starts in the middle of a sorted list and eliminates half the list until the desired value is found or all elements have been eliminated.
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16
Efficiency
The relationship between the input size and the number of steps required to solve a problem.
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17
Linear time
The time taken grows linearly with the input size.
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18
Linear search
An algorithm that checks each element of a list in order, taking linear time.
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19
Problem
A general description of a task that may or may not be solved algorithmically.
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20
Instance of a problem
One case of a problem, with specific inputs.
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21
Decision problem
A problem with a true/false answer, such as determining if a number is prime.
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22
Optimization problem
A problem with the goal of finding the best solution among many options.
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23
Decidable problem
A decision problem for which it is possible to write an algorithm that gives correct output for all inputs.
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24
Undecidable problem
A problem for which it is not possible to write an algorithm that gives correct output for all inputs.
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25
Digital
Information represented as ones and zeros.
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26
Analog
Information represented by signals that vary continuously.
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