Purposive Communication Lecture Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the nature, elements, processes, types, and theoretical models of communication based on the Purposive Communication lecture transcript.

Communication

The process of giving and receiving information between a human source and a human receiver using words, symbols, or actions influenced by multiple contexts.

Physical Needs

Communication needs that involve alerting others that physical necessities are not being met to help maintain health, survival, or safety.

Instrumental Needs

Communication needs that help individuals get things done in day-to-day life and achieve short- and long-term goals, such as influencing others, getting information, or obtaining support.

Relational Needs

Communication needs used to begin, develop, maintain, and end relationships.

Identity Needs

Communication needs used to present oneself to others, express who we are, and present different faces in different contexts.

Non-Transactional Approach

A linear or one-sided communication view where one party sends a message and the receiver passively receives it without meaningful interaction or feedback.

Transactional Communication

A process where each communicator is simultaneously a sender and receiver, meaning is co-created within the interaction, and past and present interactions continuously influence future perceptions and relationships.

Sender

The person in the communication process who initiates the conversation and creates a message.

Receiver

The recipient of the information created by the source or sender.

Message

The information created by the source or sender to be transmitted.

Channel / Medium

The carrier of messages that serves as the path through which information travels between sender and receiver, such as face-to-face, written, or electronic means.

Feedback

The receiver's response to the sender's message.

Noise

Also called interference, it is anything added to the signal between transmission and reception that blocks the communication process or reduces signal quality.

Verbal Communication

Communication that makes use of language (either spoken or written) to express ideas or emotions.

Nonverbal Communication

Communication that does not make use of language, relying instead on body language, gestures, appearance, silence, and paralanguage.

Paralanguage

The vocal component of nonverbal communication, including pitch, volume, and speaking rate.

Linear Communication Model

A model viewing communication as a one-way process without immediate feedback, commonly applied in marketing, sales, and public relations.

Interactive Communication Model

A model representing two-way communication with indirect feedback and overlapping fields of experience, typically used in mediated and internet-based communication.

Transactional Communication Model

The most complex class of communication models, reflecting continuous, dynamic interactions where participants simultaneously send, receive, and decode messages.

Aristotle's Communication Model

The oldest communication model dating back to 300 BC, designed to examine persuasive public speaking centered on an active sender and a passive audience.

Ethos

In Aristotle's communication model, the speaker's credibility, authority, and power gained by being an expert in a chosen field.

Pathos

In Aristotle's communication model, the element that connects the speaker to the audience through emotional appeal.

Logos

In Aristotle's communication model, the logic and structural reasoning that a speech must follow.

Lasswell's Communication Model

A mass communication model that evaluates the impact of a message by answering: Who says what to whom with what effect?

Shannon-Weaver Communication Model

A communication model developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories mathematicians during WWII that introduced noise as a key component in the transmission channel.

Berlo's Communication Model

An SMCR model (Source, Message, Channel, Receiver) emphasizing factors like communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, and culture.

Osgood-Schramm Communication Model

A circular communication model where message exchange is equal and reciprocal, requiring interpretation as participants continuously cycle between encoding and decoding.

Westley-Maclean Communication Model

A model postulating that the communication process begins with environmental factors rather than directly with the sender.

Barlund's Communication Model

A transactional model detailing how individuals decode and encode public cues, private cues, and nonverbal behavioral cues during communication.

Dance's Helical Communication Model

A communication model depicting communication as a dynamic, continuous spiral that evolves and expands based on prior experiences.