Chapter 26: The Circulatory System

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the circulatory system from the lecture notes.

Circulatory System

Essential for life, includes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that are part of the immune system, defending against infection.

Thrombocytes

Platelets that aid in blood clot formation and constrict blood vessels when injured.

Hematology

The study of blood, including its components and functions.

Plasma

The fluid portion of blood, comprising proteins and mainly water.

Erythropoiesis

The formation of red blood cells, produced by bone marrow.

Leukopoiesis

The formation of white blood cells.

Systemic Circulation

Blood flow that delivers nutrients and oxygen to all areas of the body.

Electrocardiography

Evaluation of the electrical currents of the heart represented in waveforms.

Heart Rate

Measured in beats per minute (bpm); influenced by factors like stress and disease.

Heart Murmur

An abnormal sound due to improper valve function within the heart.

Arrhythmia

An abnormal heart rate or rhythm, including tachycardia and bradycardia.

Shock

A medical emergency where there's insufficient blood and oxygen reaching tissues.

Systole

The contraction phase of the heart, increasing blood pressure.

Asystole

The relaxation phase of the heart, decreasing blood pressure.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

The average of systolic and diastolic pressure, monitored during anesthesia.

Pulmonary Circulation

Blood flow that transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

Blood Pressure

The force of blood against the walls of arteries.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, facilitating the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Tachycardia

An abnormally fast heart rate.

Bradycardia

An abnormally slow heart rate.

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

In bone marrow within the medullary cavity

5 functions of circulatory system

Transport oxygen

Circulate blood

Transport nutrients

Remove waist

Move hormones

Arterioles

Smaller branches of arteries

Neutrophils

Destroy microorganism; most common type of white blood cells

Lymphocytes

Produce antibodies to combat pathogens

Monocytes

Remove dead organisms, cells, and foreign particles

Eosinophils

Involved in allergic reaction and inflammation

Basophils

Play a role in inflammatory responses and allergic conditions

Thrombopoiesis

Process of forming platelets

Assistant Role

setting up for blood collection supplies

Restraint techniques for blood collection

Preforming blood analysis

Labeling Blood Tube must include

patients name or ID #

clients last name

date

time of collection

staff member who preformed collection

Serum

The fluid left after blood coagulation, containing no cells or clotting factors because they are separated  

Where is the heart located

between the two lungs

Myocardium

thick muscle layer forming the hearts wall

Endocardium

Thin layer lining the myocardium

Pericardium

thin layer around the heart

Epicardium

Thin membrane surrounding the heart, offering protection and maintaining its functions

“Lub” 

produces from closure of left and right atrioventricular valves 

“Dub”

Close of aortic and pulmonary valves

P Wave 

Atrial contraction, occurs in the SA node 

QRS Complex

electrical impulse traveling to the AB node, casing ventricular contraction

T Wave

Represents the heart depolarizing after contractions, indicating readiness for the next electrical impulse

Sinus Arrhythmia

Heart rate increases with inhalation and decreases with exhalation

Atrial Fibrillation

incorrect electrical impulse conduction within the atria

Ventricular Fibrillation

Rapid electrical impulses in the ventricles

Clinical signs of Shock

Tachycardia

weak impulse

weakness and lethargy

hypothermia

cyanotic mucous membranes (mm)

Hypovolemic Shock

resulting from signifiant blood loss

Septic Shock

caused by severe bacterial infections leading to vasodilation and decreased blood output