Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry.

Organic Compound

A compound that contains carbon, typically characterized by carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.

Functionality

The characteristic behavior and reactions associated with a specific functional group within a molecule.

Isomerism

The phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Chirality

A property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image, often associated with enantiomers.

Functional Groups

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Aldehyde

A functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Alcohol

An organic compound that contains one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

Ester

A compound derived from an acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group.

Ketone

A functional group featuring a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Saturation

Refers to organic compounds containing only single bonds and no rings, typically saturated with hydrogen.

Oxidation

A reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state, often resulting in the removal of hydrogen.

Hydrogen Bonding

A type of non-covalent interaction that occurs between hydrogen and electronegative atoms, contributing to molecular stability.

Sigma Bond

A type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals.

Pi Bond

A bond that results from the sideways overlap of p orbitals, usually occurring in double and triple bonds.

Pharmacodynamics

The study of the effects of drugs on the body, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects.

Enantiomers

Pairs of molecules that are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed.

Aminoglycosides

A class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Macrolides

Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Beta-lactam

A class of antibiotics that prevent cell wall synthesis in bacteria, includes penicillins and cephalosporins.

Therapeutic Window

The range of doses of a drug that produces therapeutic effect without causing significant adverse effects.

Hydrophilic

A property of molecules that are attracted to water, often due to the presence of polar functional groups.

Hydrophobic

The property of molecules that repel water and do not dissolve well in it, typically non-polar substances.

Tetracyclines

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis and are used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections.