Ap Human Geography Unit 2 - Important Vocab

Agriculture density

The ratio of the numbers of farmer to the total amount of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)

Arable Land

Land that is good for agriculture.

Arithmetic density

The total number of people divided by the total land area

census

A complete enumeration of a population

Crude Birth rate (CBR)

The total number of births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Crude death rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths each year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Demographic Transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of CBR and CDR and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

demography

the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations

dependency ratio

the number of people under the age 15 and aver the age 65 compared to the total number of people active in the labor force.

doubling time

the number of years needed to double a population , assuming a constant rate of natural increase

ecumene

The portion of earth's surface occupied by human settlement

Elderly support Ratio

the number of people (ages 15-65) divided by the number of persons over 65

epidemiologic transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

epidemiology

the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease

industrial revolution

the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

life expectancy

an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities (social, economic, and medical conditions)

Maternal mortality rate

the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR - the CDR

overpopulation

too much population

pandemic

an epidemic that is geographically widespread; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world

Physiological Density

The number of people over a unit area of arable land

population pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Sex ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population

Total fertility rate (TFR)

The average number of children a women will have throughout her childbearing years.

Zero population growth (ZPG)

A decline of total fertility rate to the point where the NIR equals 0