DA and Occlusion Test 1

refers to the movements of the mandible and to the contacting of the maxillary and mandibular teeth

occlusion

the process of chewing

mastication

an organism with teeth of different types, such as incisors and molars

heterodont

an organism with teeth of only one type, like a dolphin or shark

homodont

having only one set of permanent teeth without deciduous dentition

monophydont

having two successive sets of teeth, initially the "deciduous" set and consecutively the "permanent" set.

diphydont

a type of dentition in which the teeth are continuously shed and replaced during the lifetime of the animal

polyphydont

the three phases of dentition

primary, mixed, permanent

There are usually ______ teeth in the primary dentition. How many of each?

20; 4 each of first molars, second molars, canines, laterals, centrals

There are usually ____ teeth in the permanent dentition

32

Permanent teeth are _______ teeth

succedaneous

mixed dentition starts at the age of ___

6

the normal loss of primary teeth after loss of their root structure

exfoliation

the breakdown or destruction, and subsequent loss, of the root structure of a tooth

resorption

the permanent tooth that replaces a deciduous tooth

succedaneous tooth

the primary tooth that erupts first in the mouth

deciduous tooth

teeth are commonly defined by what 3 things?

quadrant, dentition, type

incisors are shaped and designed to ______

cut food with the incisal edge

the shape of the lingual surface of incisors helps to ____

guide food to the back of the mouth for chewing

______ are the longest tooth in the mouth

canines

____ have the longest roots and are the most stable teeth

canines

canines are designed for ______

holding or grasping food, and are useful for tearing

The position on either side of the mouth help the canines ____

guide the mouth and teeth into the best biting position

____ are the most useful for chewing food

premolars

concerning mastication, the buccal cusp of the premolars ________ while the lingual cusp ________

holds the food; grinds the food

Molars are most useful for ______

grinding food

The system used in the USA where teeth are numbered 1-16 from the maxillary right third molar to the left third molar, and from 17 to 32 starting at the mandibular left third molar

Universal system

In the universal system, primary teeth are _____, going from ___ to ___ starting at the right maxillary second molar, and ____ to ____ starting at the left mandibular second molar

lettered; A; J; K; T

System that indicates teeth by quadrant and letter(primary teeth) or number (permanent) beginning at the midline of each arch and moving posteriorly

Palmar notation system

Number of each quadrant in the FDI system (permanent)

UR - 1

UL - 2

LL - 3

LR - 4

Number of each quadrant in the FDI system (primary)

UR - 5

UL - 6

LL - 7

LR - 8

Lingual is a term used for teeth of which arch?

mandibular

Palatal is a term used for teeth of which arch?

maxillary

the surface toward the midline

mesial

the surface away from the midline

distal

The surface of the tooth that is next to another tooth in the same arch

proximal

the surface of the tooth that occludes with teeth of the opposite arch

occlusal surface

the cutting or biting surface of the anterior teeth

incisal surface

Facial is a term used when referring to surfaces of the _____ teeth

anterior

Buccal is a term used when describing _______ teeth

posterior

Occlusal is a term used to describe the surfaces of ____ teeth

posterior

Incisal is a term used to describe the surfaces of _____ teeth

anterior

the portion of the tooth projecting out of the gum into the oral cavity

crown

a small portion of the crown is slightly covered with the ______

gingiva

The ____ _____ ____ is the area where cementum meets enamel

cemento enamel junction

The ____ ____ is the largest portion of the pulp and is located in the crown of the tooth

pulp chamber

The _____ _____ are the extensions of the pulp that project toward the cusp tips and incisal edges

pulp horns

slightly restricted part of the tooth between the crown and the root

cervical region

region where the cementoenamel junction is located

cervical

3 regions of the crown top to bottom

occlusal, middle, cervical

3 regions of the crown front to back

mesial, middle, distal

divisions of the root top to bottom

cervical, middle, apical

what is formed by the junction of two surfaces?

line angles

anterior teeth do not have ______ and ______ line angles. Why?

mesio-incisal and disto-incisal; the teeth are rounded here

a structure formed by the junction of three surfaces

point angle

areas where teeth touch one another

contact area

space formed cervical to the interproximal contact that is filled with tissue

interproximal space

where are the gingival papillae located

interproximal spaces

spaced formed by the tooth curvatures adjacent to the contact areas

embrasures

two functions of embrasures

provides a spillway for food during mastication, prevents food from being forced through the contact area

the greatest amount of curve or bulge in a given plane

height of contour

a rounded pointed elevation on the occlusal surface of the tooth

cusp

rounded elevation on the lingual surface of anterior teeth

cingulum

a rounded or conical prominence on the edge of a newly erupted incisor

mamelons

small elevation on the tooth surface due to excessive enamel formation

tubercle

any linear elevation on the tooth surface named according to its location

ridge

descends from cusp tips to central part of occlusal surface

triangular ridge

when a buccal and lingual triangular ridge join

transverse ridge

ridge crossing obliquely from the distobuccal cusp and distal cusp ridge of the mesiolingual cusp, found only in maxillary molars

oblique ridge

elevation that extends in a mesial or distal direction from the cusp tip

cusp ridge

elevations that form the mesial ad distal margins of both anterior teeth (lingual) and posterior teeth (occlusal)

marginal ridge

rounded irregular depression on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth or the lingual of anterior teeth

fossa

small pinpoint depressions at the junction of 2 or more grooves or the terminal point of one main groove

pits

linear depression on the occlusal surface that has a groove in the middle of it

sulcus

line formed when lobes and ridges merge during tooth development

groove

line between the primary parts of the crown

developmental groove

less distinct grooves that do not mark the junction of the primary parts

supplemental groove

4 structures that make up the periodontium

gingiva, PDL, cementum, alveolar bone

the only structure of the periodontium that is visible clinically in healthy conditions

gingiva

surrounds the cervical area of the tooth, does not attach to the tooth

free gingiva

continuous with free gingiva, firmly attached to the underlying bone, stippled texture, width can vary

attached gingiva

the space between the tooth and the free gingiva

gingival sulcus

the gingival tissues filling the interproximal spaces between the teeth

interdental Papillae

lining mucosa located apical to the attached gingiva

alveolar mucosa

the portion of the jaw serving as support for the tooth

alveolar process

the line marking the connecting area between the free and attached gingiva

free gingival groove

the area where attached gingiva turns to the alveolar mucosa

muco-gingival junction

attach the lips and the cheeks to the gingiva and the underlying bone

frenum

Premolars emerge at the age of ______ and are fully erupted at the age of _____

10;12

# of lobes in a bicuspid

4

6 ridges of a bicuspid

distobuccal, mesiobuccal, mesial, mesiolingual, distolingual, distal

on the occlusal surface of bicuspids, there is a _______ ridge

transverse

3 distinct grooves of biscuspid

mesiobuccal, distobuccal, central

the crown of a bicuspid has a ____ shape when viewed from the buccal side

pentagonal

the bicuspid has a ____ shape when viewed proximally

trapizoidal

bicuspid location of medial proximal contacts

near the junction of the occlusal and middle thirds

bicuspid location of distal proximal contact

in the middle third

What is an exception to the contact points of bicuspids?

the mandibular 1st premolar has a mesial contact that is more cervical or at the same level as the distal

what is meant by lingual taper?

all bicuspid crowns taper towards the lingual from the contact area

function of buccal and lingual contours in bicuspids

deflect food away from gingival margin during mastication