mexico and brazil

What was the Bracero Program?

A WWII program that allowed millions of Mexicans to work temporarily in the US.

Who was Felipe Calderon?

Mexico’s conservative president from 2006 to 2012, responsible for waging a war against drug cartels.

What is the Constitution of 1917?

A document established by the Mexican Revolution that continues to regulate Mexico’s political regime.

What does the Chamber of Deputies represent in Mexico?

The lower house of Mexico’s legislature.

What is the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM)?

Mexico’s dominant trade union confederation, key to the PRI’s authoritarian regime.

Who was Porfirio Diaz?

Mexican dictator who ruled from 1876 to 1910 and was deposed by the Mexican Revolution.

What did the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) do?

It toughened American immigration laws while granting amnesty to many longtime undocumented workers.

Who are Mestizos?

Mexicans of mixed European and indigenous blood who make up the vast majority of Mexico’s population.

What was the Mexican-American War?

The 1846-1848 conflict between Mexico and the US that resulted in US acquisition of much of the current southwest of the US.

Who is Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador?

A Mexican politician and current president, associated with the MORENA party.

What does the National Supreme Court of Justice do in Mexico?

It is Mexico’s highest court.

What is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

A trade agreement linking Mexico with the US and Canada, replaced in 2020 by the USMCA.

Who was Francisco (Pancho) Villa?

A Northern Mexican peasant leader of the revolution who advocated a more radical socioeconomic agenda.

What was Bolsa Familia?

A Brazilian social welfare program that pays monthly stipends to families for education and healthcare.

Who is Jair Bolsonaro?

The far-right military officer inaugurated as president of Brazil in January 2019.

What is bureaucratic authoritarianism?

A form of authoritarian rule in Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s, where military leaders presided over conservative regimes.

What does the Chamber of Deputies represent in Brazil?

The lower house of Brazil’s legislature.

Who is Fernando Henrique Cardoso?

Brazil’s president from 1995 to 2022, known for significant economic and political reform.

What is the Workers’ Party (PT)?

Brazil’s most important leftist party and the party of President da Silva.

Who was Dilma Rousseff?

Brazil’s first female president (2011-2016), who was impeached in 2016.

What is open-list proportional representation (PR) in Brazil?

An electoral system allowing voters to select individual candidates instead of a party list.

What is the Landless Workers Movement (MST)?

A large Brazilian social movement that has fought for land reform.