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These flashcards cover key concepts related to two-dimensional imaging, ultrasound systems, transducer types, focusing techniques, and resolution aspects.
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What are the two characteristics of sound that make 2-D images challenging to create?
1) Sound travels in straight lines. 2) Sound beams must be narrow to optimize lateral resolution.
How is a two-dimensional image created using modern ultrasound systems?
By sending multiple narrow sound pulses into the body at slightly different angles, processing the reflections, and storing the data.
What happens if the PZT crystal in a mechanical transducer is damaged?
The entire image is lost when the single crystal malfunctions.
What is the arrangement of active elements in an annular array transducer?
Elements are arranged as circular rings with a common center.
What is the main difference between transmit focusing and dynamic receive focusing?
Transmit focusing occurs during transmission of sound waves; dynamic receive focusing occurs during reception of the reflected sound.
What type of array transducer is characterized by combining linear and phased array technologies?
Vector array transducer.
How does apodization help improve ultrasound imaging?
It reduces the strength of side and grating lobes by varying the strength of electrical signals from elements.
What is the role of dynamic aperture in ultrasound imaging?
It optimizes lateral resolution by narrowing the sound beam over a greater range of depths.
What shape do active elements that provide the best elevational resolution have?
Disc-shaped active elements provide the thinnest ultrasound slices and the best elevational resolution.
What is unique about 4-D imaging in ultrasound?
It provides real-time 3-D imaging, creating live-streaming video representations of the image.