Two-Dimensional Imaging

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These flashcards cover key concepts related to two-dimensional imaging, ultrasound systems, transducer types, focusing techniques, and resolution aspects.

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10 Terms

1
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What are the two characteristics of sound that make 2-D images challenging to create?

1) Sound travels in straight lines. 2) Sound beams must be narrow to optimize lateral resolution.

2
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How is a two-dimensional image created using modern ultrasound systems?

By sending multiple narrow sound pulses into the body at slightly different angles, processing the reflections, and storing the data.

3
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What happens if the PZT crystal in a mechanical transducer is damaged?

The entire image is lost when the single crystal malfunctions.

4
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What is the arrangement of active elements in an annular array transducer?

Elements are arranged as circular rings with a common center.

5
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What is the main difference between transmit focusing and dynamic receive focusing?

Transmit focusing occurs during transmission of sound waves; dynamic receive focusing occurs during reception of the reflected sound.

6
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What type of array transducer is characterized by combining linear and phased array technologies?

Vector array transducer.

7
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How does apodization help improve ultrasound imaging?

It reduces the strength of side and grating lobes by varying the strength of electrical signals from elements.

8
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What is the role of dynamic aperture in ultrasound imaging?

It optimizes lateral resolution by narrowing the sound beam over a greater range of depths.

9
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What shape do active elements that provide the best elevational resolution have?

Disc-shaped active elements provide the thinnest ultrasound slices and the best elevational resolution.

10
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What is unique about 4-D imaging in ultrasound?

It provides real-time 3-D imaging, creating live-streaming video representations of the image.