MIDTERM 1

studied byStudied by 11 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Sociocultural Anthropology

1 / 63

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

64 Terms

1

Sociocultural Anthropology

how culture shapes how societies act and interact in the present

New cards
2

Linguistic Anthropology

how culture shapes language and vise versa

New cards
3

Archeological Anthropology

how culture has changed our relationships to the environment and physical objects over time

New cards
4

Biological Anthropology

how culture shapes our bodies

New cards
5

Cross-cultural (comparative)

comparing multiple cultures

New cards
6

Emperical study

direct observation and experimentation

New cards
7

culture

a set of traditions or customs transmitted through learning that is shared by a group of people over time

New cards
8

cultural learning

  • learned from or taught by other members of a group

  • culture is not innate, biological, or genetic

New cards
9

culture is almost uniquely human

culture turns biological impulses into something distinctive of a particular group

New cards
10

enculturation

the process by which an individual acquires cultural behaviors

  • may be explicitly taught

  • may happen unconsciously

New cards
11

different scales of culture

-culturs of nation-states

-cultures that cross boarders

-ethnic cultures

-sub-cultures

New cards
12

cultural relativism

the idea that behaviors of one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture

New cards
13

ethnocentrism

assuming that one’s culture is superior and that it may be used to judge the behaviors of another culture

New cards
14

Methedological relativism

attempting to understand another culture before adapting a response

New cards
15

symbols

something that stands for/ signify something else

New cards
16

symbols are

arbitrary: they have no inherent connection to what they stand for

New cards
17

Ethnography

the intensive study of a particular culture or writing about a people

New cards
18

ethnographies

lengthy, in-depth, book-length publications about many aspects of a groups culture

New cards
19

ethnography methods

  • interviewing research subjects

  • observing their behaviors and material culture

New cards
20

Nuclear family

a parental unit and their pre-adult children

New cards
21

extended family

includes multiple generations and degrees of relatedness

New cards
22

kinship

a broader term to include a group of related people

  • the most important kind of identity for most societies

New cards
23

kinship is created by

  • birth/blood/descent

  • marriage

  • rituals

  • sharing food

  • sharing a home

New cards
24

affinal

marriage

New cards
25

consanguineal

birth/blood/decent

  • can’t really base family off genetics, chimps share 98% with us

New cards
26

Patrilineal descent

descent is detained through the father

New cards
27

matrilineal descent

descent is determined through the mother

New cards
28

parallel cousins

brother to fathers kids, sister to mothers kids

New cards
29

cross-cousins

sister to fathers kids, brother to mothers kids

New cards
30

consubstantiality

people become kin by sharing substances

New cards
31

house societies

“house” members determined not just by lineage or kinship but by co-residence in a large, shared household

New cards
32

marriage forms

permanent social relationships between individuals and kin groups

New cards
33

marriage entails:

  • shared property and resources

  • gendered household tasks

  • shared child rearing

  • exclusive sexual rights to partner

  • shared social status

New cards
34

monogamy

marriage between two partners

New cards
35

polygamy

marriage between multiple partners

New cards
36

polygyny

one man, multiple wives

  • common in patriarchal, patrilocal societies

  • usually only a few men (higher status) have multiple wives

  • wives hare household labor, may be sisters to reduce friction, may be widows- social support system

New cards
37

procreative marriage

1 man + 1 women to make a family/have kids

New cards
38

polyandry

marriage between one woman and multiple husbands

  • husbands are sets of brothers to consolidate family wealth

  • societies where men frequently travel away from home

New cards
39

patrilocal

house of father and fathers relatives

New cards
40

matrilocal

house of mother and mother relatives

New cards
41

neolocal

live in a new house

New cards
42

patriarchal

older male in charge of household

New cards
43

matriarchal

older female in charge of household

New cards
44

gendered division of labor

different tasks are preformed by women and men

New cards
45

gender stratification

the unequal distribution of power between different genders

New cards
46

mobility

driving, leaving house without permission, obtaining passports

New cards
47

bodily autonomy

reproductive rights, medical decisions

New cards
48

sexuality

marriage decisions, female/male genital mutilation

New cards
49

labor force

equal pay, equal opportunity

New cards
50

legal rights

voting, property ownership, inheritance, education

New cards
51

sex

designation as female or male based on one’s genetic or physical characteristics

  • biologically given

New cards
52

gender

ones identity as a woman, man, or other gender based on how they present themselves or are perceived by others

  • socially constructed

  • roles learned through enculturation

New cards
53

cisgender

a person whose sex assigned at birth matches their gender identity

New cards
54

transgender

a person whose sex assigned at birth does not match their gender identity

New cards
55

intersex

ones physical characteristics at birth are not clearly male or female

New cards
56

third genders

gender identities that are neither man nor women

New cards
57

rituals

activities that are stylized, repetitive, standardized, and take place at specific times and places

  • have to be done the right was in order for them to work

  • are based in tradition and history; can’t be improved on or innovated

New cards
58

rituals usually involve…

the use of symbols and involve material culture

New cards
59

Collective effervescence

the feeling of spiritual ecstasy that accompanies large, transformative gatherings of people

New cards
60

rites of passage

enable an individual to make a transition from one life stage to another

New cards
61

stages of rites of passage

1) separation from ordinary social roles

2) liminality: an in-between period when normal social rules don’t apply

3) reintegration: return to normal society with a new social role

New cards
62

pilgrimages

a journey undertaken individually or collectively to a sacred site

New cards
63

totem

sacred emblems symbolizing the shared identity of a group

New cards
64

secular rituals

rituals not associated with a. specific religion

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
... ago
4.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 57 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 22 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1975 people
... ago
4.7(11)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (93)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (115)
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (22)
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(3)
flashcards Flashcard (75)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 27 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (134)
studied byStudied by 2615 people
... ago
4.0(26)
robot