PROSTATE GLAND

What makes up the male urogenital system?

The prostate gland and seminal vesicle glands

The prostate lies inferior to the ?

Urinary bladder and surrounds the proximal urethra

The prostate lies behind the ?

Symphysis pubis

What are the two layers of tissue that separates the prostate posteriorly from the rectum called?

Denovilliers fascia

What is shaped like an inverted pyramid and lies posterior to the bladder?

Fibromuscular gland

What is the prostate supported by laterally?

The obturator internus and levator ani muscles

True or False: The prostate gland is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system

True

What does the urethra passes through before transversing to the penis?

Center of the prostate

What does the seminal vesicles lie posterior to ?

Urinary bladder

What is the seminal vesicles superior to ?

The prostate

What does each seminal vesicle angle medially toward?

The apex of the bladder

What does the seminal vesicle lies medial to ?

Ureters

What are the measurements of the prostate gland?

Length: 3.8 cm

Width: 4 cm

Anteroposterior: 3 cm

What are the measurements of each seminal vesicle?

Length: 5 cm

Diameter: less than 1 cm

The prostate is shaped like a cone with a central core called ?

The prostatic urethra

What is the tip of the cone called?

Apex

Inferior margin of the prostate and provides an exit for the urethra

The base of the gland is the ?

Superior aspect which is in contact with the urinary bladder

The prostate is perforated by ?

The two ejaculatory ducts which enter the prostate at its posterior margin and course obliquely and anteriorly to join the prostatic urethra near the verumontanum

What is the verumontanum?

A small elevation of the urethral crest in which the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are located on either side

Area close to the center of the prostate

The prostate gland consists of a ?

small anterior fibromuscular region/ stroma

larger posterior glandular region

The glandular portion of the prostate is divided into

4 Zones

Peripheral zone

Central zone

Transition zone

Anterior fibro-muscular zone/Periurethral glandular zone

Where is the peripheral zone located?

posterior and lateral to the distal prostatic urethra

Where is the central zone located?

extends from the base of the prostate to the verumontanun and surround the ejaculatory ducts

Where is the transition zone located?

located on both sides of the proximal urethra, superior to the veromontanum 

Where is the anterior fibro-muscular zone located?

located in the anterior aspect

What is the peripheral zone?

The prostate’s largest zone

Composes up to 70% of the normal prostate gland in young men

70% of prostatic cancers originate in this portion of the gland

What is the central zone?

Constitutes approximately 20-25% of the normal prostate gland

Central zone tumors account for 5% of all prostate cancers.

What is the transition zone?

The smallest zone, only 5% prostatic volume

Is responsible for the disease of benign prostatic enlargement (BPH- BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA)

What is the fibro-muscular zone?

5% of the prostatic weight

Composed only, as its name suggests, of muscle and fibrous tissue

It is not affected by cancer, prostatitis or hyperplasia

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Secretes a thin, milk colored fluid that constitutes about 13-30% of the total seminal fluid volume, which helps to activate the sperm and maintain their mobility

What supplies blood to the prostate gland?

Prostaticovesical arteries arising from the internal iliac arteries on each side

The prostaticovesical artery gives rise the prostatic artery and the vesical artery

The prostatic artery supply the urethra and the prostatic capsule

The vesicle artery supply the bladder base, seminal vesicle and ureter

Where does venous drainage occur?

Laterally to the capsular vessels

Consists of irregular venous channels along the anterior, inferior surface

These lead to the veins of the vasa differentia and ultimately to the vesicle and internal iliac veins.

What type of gland is the prostate gland?

Exocrine gland

What is used to evaluate the function of prostate?

The serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA)

What is the preparation for a prostate sonogram?

Transabdominal: full bladder

Transrectal: enema prior the exam is needed

How is the prostate evaluated?

Endorectal sonography

Transabdominal examinations are rarely performed

What transducer is being used for a prostate sonogram?

7-8 MHz Endorectal Transducer

What is the echogenic texture of the prostate?

Homogenous, midgray

What is the echogenic texture of the seminal vesicles?

Homogenous, midgray superior to the prostate