TERMS 1

ANGLE OF FRICTION

angle between the normal and resultant force

AXIAL FORCE

longitudinal axis force causing either tension or compression

BEAMS

structural horizontal elements that are designed to cary shear and moment forces

BELT FRICTION

friction found between a belt and pulley force systems

BENDING MOMENT

internal force that causes a structure to bend. Force multiplied the perpendicular distance

CABLES

flexible structural elements that supports tension loads only

CANTILEVER BEAM

a beam fixed on one end and free at the other end

CENTER OF GRAVITY

point where the entire weight of a body is acting

CENTER OF RIGIDITY

point resultant of external resistance to forces on a body

CENTROID

considered as the geometric center of a body or shape

COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

coefficient value ratio of frictional and normal force between surfaces

COLLINEAR FORCES

forces that act along the same line of action

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

structures made up of two or more materials for durability

CONCURRENT FORCES

type of forces that meet at a single point

COPLANAR FORCES

type of forces that lie in the same plane

COUPLE MOMENT

pair of forces that creates rotation without translational motion

DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

structures where the reactions and intemal forces can be calculated using static equilibrium conditions

DISTRIBUTED LOAD

load spread over a length of area which can be uniform or varying

ECCENTRICITY

deviation of distance to the center of a mass to an external force

EQUILIBRIUM

a condition where a body is at rest

EXTERNAL FORCES

forces acting on a body from outside, such as loads and reactions

FIXED SUPPORT

a support that prevents both translation and rotation.

FORCE

push or a pull acting on a body with magnitude and direction

FRAMES

structures composed of multiple connected members

FREE BODY DIAGRAM

diagram showing all external forces and moments acting on a body

FRICTION

resistance to motion between two surfaces (static or kinetic)

HINGE

support that allows rotation but prevents translation

IMPENDING MOTION

a state before motion begins, where static friction reaches max

INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

structures where the number of unknowns exceeds the number of equilibrium equations

INTERNAL FORCES

forces inside a structure

JOINTS

points where the members if a truss or frame is connected

KINETIC FRICTION

friction between two surfaces in relative motion

REACTIONS

forces and moments exerted by supports to balance loads.

RESULTANT FORCE

single force that represents the vector sum of all forces

RESULTANT MOMENT

deviation of distance to the center of a mass to an external force

RIGID BODY

a body that does nor deform under the forces

ROLLER SUPPORT

a support that allows translation and only has a vertical force

SECOND MOMENT OF AREA

A body's resistance to bending (Moment of Inertia)

SHEAR FORCE

force parallel to the cross-section of a body causing a cutting effect

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

a beam supported at both ends (pinned &nroller ends)

STABILITY OF BODY

resistance of a body against overtuming

STATIC FRICTION

friction that prevents motion between two surfaces

STATICAL DETERMINACIES

condition where the number of equilibrium equations matches the number of unknowns in a structure.

SUPPORT REACTIONS

forces and moments exerted by supports to maintain equilibrium

TORQUE

rotational force a.k.a moment

TRIANGULAR LOAD

forces inside a structure

TRUSS

composed of interconnected elements to support heavy loads designed for roofs, bridges, and others

UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD

a load evenly distributed with constant magnitude

UNIFORMLY VARYING LOAD

A load that varies linearly over a length of area (triangular load)

VARIGNON'S THEOREM

moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the moments of its components about the same point

VIRTUAL BEAM

also known as an imaginary beam

WEDGE

a structure used to seperate objects and often analyzed using friction

ABSOLUTE MOTION

motion measured from a fixed reference frame

ACCELERATION

the rate of change of velocity with respect to time

ANGULAR ACCELERATION

the rate of change of angular velocity respect to time

ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT

measured angle through which a body rotates

ANGULAR MOMENTUM

product of tge moment of inertia and angular velocity

ANGULAR VELOCITY

rate of change of cngular displacement with respect to time

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

imaginary outward force acting on a rotating body/object

CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION

acceleration directed toward the center or inner of a rotating body

COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION

measure of the elasticity of a collision or the ratio of relative velocities before an impact

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

the total mechanical energy remains constant in a closed system

CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM

the total linear momentum of a system is constant if no external forces act on it

CORIOLIS ACCELERATION

accleeration or force experienced by an object in a rotating reference frame, perpendicular to its velocity

DAMPED VIBRATIONS

oscillations where energy is gradually dissipated due to friction or ressistive forces reducing it's amplitude

DEGREE OF FREEDOM

number of independent coordinates required to describe the motion of a system or body.

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

state where the sum of the forces and moments of the body is zero but the body/object is in motion

DYNAMICS

branch of mechanics that studies the motion of objects and the forces causing that motion

ENERGY

capacity of the ability to do work

EULER'S ANGLE

three angles used to describe the orientation of a body in 3D-space

FIXED-AXIS ROTATION

rotation of a body about a fixed axis, all points move in a circular path

FREE VIBRATIONS

Oscillations that occur and allowed to move freely

GYROSCOPIC MOTION

motion of a rotating body that exhibits precession, spin, and nutation

IMPULSE

force product time over an object acts causing change in momentum

INSTANTANEOUS CENTER OF ROTATION

point in a body where it goes plane motion where the velocity is zero at a given instant

KINEMATICS

describes the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause that motion

KINETIC ENERGY

energy of an object that is in motion

LINEAR ACCELERATION

the rate of change of linear velocity with respect to time

LINEAR DISPLACEMENT

change in position of an object in a straight line

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

oscillatory motion of mechanical bodies or systems

MOMENTUM

product of an object's mass and velocity

NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

state where the sum of the forces and moments of the body is zero but the body/object is in motion

PARTICLE DYNAMICS

study of motion of particles under the influcence of forces

POWER

the rate at which work is done or energy transferred

POTENTIAL ENERGY

energy stored in a system

RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION

motion where points move in a straight line parallel to each other

RELATIVE ACCELERATION

the acceleration of an object with respect to another

RELATIVE VELOCITY

the velocity of an object with respect to another

ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS

rotational motion focusing on angular, displacement, velocity, and accelaration (no external forces)

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

oscillatory motion where the force is proportional to the displacement typically used in a mass-spring system

TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION

component of acceleration along the tangent to the path of motion

TORQUE (DYNAMICS)

It is a twisting or tuming force that causes an object to rotate around a specific axis or pivot point.

TRAJECTORY

path followed by a moving object, such as a projectile

UNDAMPED VIBRATIONS

oscillations where no energy is lost resulting in constant amplitude over time

WORK-ENERGY PRINCIPLE

principle that the work done by external forces on a system is equal to the change in its kinetic energy

ANISOTROPIC STRUCTURE

structure whose properties vary depending on direction of loading

AXIAL DEFORMATION

change in length of a structural member due to axial forces

AXIAL STRESS

stress when subjected to a force along its longitudinal axis

BEARING STRESS

contact stress between two surfaces

BENDING STRESS

stress induced in a structural member due to bending moments