chapter 20- acids, bases and pH

what is a bronsted-lowry acid

a proton donor

what is a bronsted-lowry base

a proton acceptor

what is a conjugate acid-base pair

contains two species that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton

what is a hydronium ion

H₃O+

monobasic acid

gives off one proton per molecule

dibasic acid

gives off two proton per molecule

tribasic acid

gives off three proton per molecule

monobasic acid example

hydrochloric acid

dibasic acid example

sulfuric acid

tribasic acid example

phosphoric acid 

what are carbonates

bases that neutralise acids to form a salt, water, carbon dioxide

acid + base

salt and water

acid + alkali

salt + water

what type of pH has a low H+ value

alkali high value

what type of pH has a high H+ value

acidic low value

what is the equation for finding pH from H+ conc

pH= -log[H+ (aq)]

what is the equation for finding the H+ conc from pH

10^-pH

what type of scale is the pH scale

a logarithmic scale 

• a change in one pH = 10x difference in H+ conc

what is a strong acid

one which completely dissociates in aqueous solutions

what is a weak acid

one which partially dissociates in aqueous solutions

what can affect Ka

temperature

for a strong acid Ka is

high

for a weak acid Ka is

low

what are the units for Ka

moldm-3

what is pKa

the negtaive logarithim of Ka

how to find pKa from Ka

-logKa

how to find Ka from pKa

10^-pKa

for strong acid pKa is

low

for weak acids pKa is

high

how to calculate pH change in a solution

find the total end volume

total end volume/ start volume = amount of dilution

concentration/ amount of dilution

what is Kw

the ionic product of water

what is the equation for Kw

Kw= [H+][OH-]

what is the equilbrium constant for Kw at 25 degrees

1×10^-14