poultry fe

A chicken is observed lying on its side with one leg stretched forward and the other backward due to nerve involvement. Which disease is most likely present?

marek’s ds

Who was the Hungarian veterinarian that MD was named after?

joszef marek

1. The ocular form of Marek’s Disease is characterized by the following, EXCEPT:

  A. Blindness

  B. Irregularity of the pupil

  C. “Gray eyes” 

  D. Edema of the eyelids

D.

During a field visit, a veterinarian examines a group of 16-week-old chickens. One bird is observed in lateral recumbency, displaying crop stasis, dyspnea, and a classic "hurdler's position." Which specific peripheral nerves should be targeted first during necropsy to confirm the expected gross lesions of this disease form?

brachial and sciatic nerves

Which nerves are commonly affected by Marek’s disease?

brachial and sciatic nerves

Which poultry disease is characterized by loss of iris pigmentation ("gray eye") and an irregular pupil caused by lymphocytic infiltration of the iris?

marek’s ds

Species of Salmonella that is primarily found in the environment and in cold-blooded animals

salmonella bongori

1. Which is/are true about Salmonella?

1. Salmonellae are consistently reported to be among the leading international sources of foodborne human disease. 

2. Poultry products are often identified as prominent sources of salmonellae which cause human illness.

3. The incidence of human salmonellosis has been correlated with Salmonella prevalence in commercial poultry flocks. 

4. Humans can also be infected with Salmonella via handling live poultry.

all of the above

Biological vector of Fowl Typhoid

dermanyssus gallinae

Which Salmonella serovar causes fowl typhoid in poultry?

s. gallinarum

What is the primary route of transmission of fowl typhoid?

fecal-oral route

Previously known as Bacillary White Diarrhea.

pullorum ds

It is previously known as “Bacillary White Diarrhea” due to the presence of white pasted vents. 

pullorum ds

What was the original term used to refer to Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) when it was first discovered?

avian nephrosis

Which organ is the primary target of Infectious Bursal Disease or Gumboro disease?

bursa of fabricious

Which serotype of IBDV is responsible for causing disease?

serotype 1

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical sign of severe Infectious Bursal Disease?

white watery diarrhea and dehydration

Enzootic Muscular Dystrophy is a disease caused by deficiency of the

It was first described as “avian nephrosis” due to the extreme kidney damage found in birds that succumbed to infection.

1. gumboro ds

2. infectious bursal ds

A viral disease first described in 1962 primarily attacks the bursa of Fabricius in young chickens and was initially referred to as "avian nephrosis." Identify the disease.

gumburo ds

Poxviruses are among the most resistant viruses and can survive for very long periods in the _______ of dead birds.

scabs

A 24-week-old layer flock has shown a gradual decrease in egg production over the past two weeks. During examination, several birds have raised, wart-like nodules on the comb, wattles, and eyelids. Mortality is low, but the disease appears to be spreading slowly throughout the flock. Which disease is the most likely diagnosis?

fowl pox - cutaneous form

Which virus causes fowlpox?

fowlpox virus

Which is the characteristic lesion of the cutaneous (dry) form of fowlpox?

 Nodular lesions on the comb, wattles, and eyelids

What is the main transmission of Fowl pox?

direct contact

During postmortem examination of a chicken, yellow cheesy lesions are found in the larynx and adjacent trachea. The bird also had wart-like lesions on the comb before death. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

fowl pox

What is the transmission of blackhead disease

direct contact

What is the common cecal worm that serves as intermediate host of Blackhead ds

heterakis gallinarum

Frequent deworming with ____ type anthelmintics is known to reduce exposure to both worms and histomonads

benamidazole

What is the other name of blackhead disease

histomoniasis

Which avian is highly susceptible to histomoniasis

turkey

Aside from turkeys, which animal is susceptible to black heads disease?

peafowl

What is the primary intermediate host of Histomoniasis?

heterakis gallinarum

In an outdoor turkey range, a flock has contracted histomoniasis despite aggressive deworming programs targeting nematodes. You suspect an invertebrate is gathering and concentrating infective larvae from the poultry yard environment. Which transport host is most likely responsible?

earthworm

Which can serve as transport hosts in which heterakis eggs hatch and survive?

earthworm

Histomoniasis  has no public health significance because it only affects birds

true

A pathologist identifies severe typhlitis and hepatic necrosis caused by Histomonas meleagridis. Which statement best explains why direct bird-to-bird transmission is generally less important than transmission through Heterakis eggs?

Histomonas rapidly loses viability outside the host because it lacks a resistant cyst stage.

What is the role of earthworms in the lifecycle of Histomonas meleagridis?

Paratenic host

Which organs would present the primary lesions in histomoniasis? 

ceca and liver

Hexamitiasis in chickens is caused by Sarcocystis horvathi.

false

This disease causes a condition known as Canker in pigeons.

trichomoniasis

Which among the following is NOT the predilection site of Cochlosoma anatis in Goose? 

A. Lower Ileum 

B. Cecum

C. Both A & B 

D. None of the Above

A.

C. anatis infections were treated successfully with the use of these drugs

1. nitromidazole

2. nitarsone

What lesion is most characteristic of avian trichomoniasis?

Diphtheritic, caseous plaques in the oral cavity and crop

What protozoan parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes avian malaria?

Plasmodium gallinaceum

Which statement correctly describes Trichomonas gallinae infection in birds?

1. It is transmitted by mosquitoes and primarily infects erythrocytes.

2. It causes canker in pigeons and is commonly spread through "pigeon milk" or contaminated feed and water.

3. It forms resistant cysts that survive for long periods in the environment.

4. It primarily infects the lower ileum and cecum of ducks.

2.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE for the predilection site of Cochlosoma anatis in ducks.

1. It is found in the lower ileum

2. It is found in the colon

3. It is found in the liver 

4. It is found in the cecum

3

Transmission of C. anatis can occur either by ____ or ____ inoculation with fecal materials  containing the trophozoites. 

The first-generation schizonts mature 5-8 days Pl and second-generation megaloschizonts develop after 8-17 days, yielding spherical ________.

merozoites

What is the other word for Bumble foot?

pododermatitis

Which clinical sign is most characteristic of heat stress in chickens?

open mouth panting

Which bacterial organism is most commonly associated with femoral head necrosis in broiler chickens?

staphylococcus spp.

What is the characteristic appearance of breast muscles in birds that dies from heat stress?

Pale to white “cooked meat” appearance

A laying hen is found to have swollen kidneys, dilated ureters containing white irregular calculi, and renal gout on necropsy. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

urolithiasis

True or False: Since not all birds with green-discolored livers have TOC, birds with TOC generally do not have discolored livers.

false

1. Urolithiasis is primarily known as a disease that affects which type of poultry?

laying flocks

2 forms of Gout:

1. visceral

2. articular

Which metabolic disease is characterized by rapidly growing, healthy broilers suddenly convulsing, flipping onto their backs, and dying?

sudden death syndrome

Which metabolic disease of poultry is pathognomonic for a "frosted" appearance of internal organs due to the accumulation of chalky white uric acid crystals?

visceral gout

Which of the following will not cause heat stress?

1. Poor ventilation 

2. Summer heat

3. Inadequate water

4. Over feeding

4.

Curled Toe Paralysis is indicative of what nutrient deficiency? 

riboflavin (B2)

Exudative diathesis is caused by deficiency of Vitamin E and _____

selenium

Crazy Chick Disease is caused by deficiency of Vitamin E and ______

increase unsaturated fatty acid

Enzootic Muscular Dystrophy is known as _______

white muscle disease

It is best known for its role in helping blood clot, or coagulate, properly

vitamin k

Pantothenic acid is also called Vitamin ____

B5

Vitamin B6: Pyridoxine deficiency 

Vitamin B12: _________

RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY

Sometimes called an "anti-stress" vitamin

vitamin B1/ thiamine

Enzootic Muscular Dystrophy is also known as

1. Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy

2. White Muscle Disease

3. Nutritional Myopathy

What deficiency causes blood spots in eggs?

vit A deficiency

Thiamin is also known as 

vitamin B1

Where is the considered primary site of E. coli? 

intestine

Which pathogen is primarily responsible for colibacillosis in poultry? 

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)

Which lesion is commonly associated with colisepticemia?

Pericarditis and Perihepatitis

Colibacillosis in poultry is primarily caused by pathogenic strains of

E. coli

E. coli is considered a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of healthy chickens

true

Poor ventilation and high ammonia levels can increase the risk of colibacillosis outbreaks.

true

Pericarditis and perihepatitis are common findings during necropsy of birds with colibacillosis.

true

Proper sanitation of hatcheries helps reduce early chick infections caused by E. coli.

true

Which viral disease would MOST likely predispose birds to colibacillosis by damaging the respiratory mucosa?

IB infectious bronchitis