Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to organic chemistry as discussed in the lecture notes.

Organic Compounds

Compounds made from carbon and hydrogen atoms, may also contain other nonmetals like oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or halogens.

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, primarily found in organic compounds.

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Condensed Structural Formula

A formula showing each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms as a group, indicating the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon.

Cycloalkanes

Cyclic alkanes that have two fewer hydrogen atoms than their open chain counterparts.

Structural Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

Alkyl Group

A group of carbon atoms attached to a carbon chain, named with an 'yl' ending in the IUPAC system.

Halo Groups

Halogen atoms attached to carbon chains, named as fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo in the IUPAC system.

Cis-Trans Isomers

Isomers that arise from the different arrangement of groups around a rigid double bond, leading to distinct physical properties.