Physiology Exam 3 - Bone

What precent of organic vone is collagen fibers?

90%

What is the predominant collagen of the organic bone?

type 1 collagen

What is the main crystal salt in inorganic bone?

hydroxy appetite

What part of the bone matrix provides strength under compression?

inorganic

Where do collagen fiber primarily extend along?

lines of tension

What part of the bone provides tensile strength?

organic

What type of binding occurs with collagen fibers in the bone that repeat in preiod segments that prevents sheer?

cross-linking

What are the three categories of bone?

flat, cuboidal, and long bones

What are bones categorized based on?

shape and function within the skeleton

What bones surround vital structures like the mendible?

flat bones

What bones compose complex joints like carpal bones?

cuboidal bones

What bones compose the majority of the peripheral and appendicular skeleton like the femur?

long bones

What separates the metaphysis and the epiphysis in growing animals?

physis

What are the three regions of long bones?

epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis

What region of long bones have a wise articular surface to distriube loads and prevent stress concentration?

epiphysis

What region of long bones is a ransition between the diaphysis and epiphysis?

metaphysis

What region is the body of long bones?

Diaphysis

What are the three cell types in bone?

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

What are the two types of bone based on structure?

Cortical and trabecular(cancellous)

What type of bone structure is the hard outer surface and is all long bones?

Cortical

What type of bone structure is sponge-like and is the medullary cavity, epiphysis, and P-3?

Trabecular/cancellous

What is another name for the cortical osteons that make up long bones?

haversian system

What are the concentric layers of cortical bone?

lamellae

How are volkmann canals oriented from the haversian canals?

90 degrees

What bone is composed of a three-dimensional network of rods and plates?

trabecular bone

What bone is more metabolically active: trabecular or cortical bone

Trabecular

What type of bone is this?

cortical bone

What type of bone is this?

trabecular bone

Through what process during embryologic development do axial bones form by ossifaction of highland cartilage?

Endochondral ossification

Where does bone growth occur?

physis

What cells drive the process of endrohondral ossification?

chondrocytes

What zone in chondrocytes does cell mitosis occur in a plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the bone to increase the length of the cell column?

proliferation zone

Do bones scar?

no

What processes the initial sections of bone development?

collagen molecules

What produces the ground substance of bone?

osteoblasts

When osteoblasts make collagen, monomers inform collagen fibers, what is the resulting tissue?

osteoid

What are the osteoid (cartilage-like) readily prepared to precipitate?

calcium salts

What precipitates around the surface of the collagen and fiber as it first appears forming minute nidi of rapidly multiplying which grows over a period of weeks finalizing as hydroxy appetite?

Calcium salts

T/F The role of calcium in the body is very important

TRUE

What percent of the total body calcium is in the extracellular fluid?

0.1%

Where is the majority (98.9%) of Ca stored in the body?

bone

What percentage of Ca is in the cells?

1%

What state does the bone try to maintain?

supersaturated state

What plasma protein inhibits the precipitation of calcium salts to prevent unwanted mineralization?

pyrophosphate