INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY by Bianca Patricia Reyes, RPm

The following are BUSINESS ELEMENTS except for:

a. market

b. money

c. people

d. environment

D

For a business to succeed, it needs to know its______and cater to them.

a. market

b. money

c. people

d. environment

A

This is a critical element of a business; it runs and makes the business work.

a. market

b. money

c. people

d. environment

C

It is the utilization of individuals to achieve the organization's objectives.

a. human resource development

b. human resource management

c. human resource planning

d. human resource staffing

B

This refers to the process wherein the HR department identifies the organization's current and future hiring needs. This involves supply and demand forecasting.

a. HR planning

b. employee planning

c. staff planning

d. all of the above

A

It is a process in which the organization ensures that it always has the right number of employees with the right competencies in the right jobs.

a. HR planning

b. workforce planning

c. staffing

d. recruiting

C

Which among the following is not an INTERNAL RECRUITMENT method?

a. use of HR database

b. job posting & bidding

c. employee referral

d. none of the above

D

This pertains to the process of choosing the individual with the right qualifications and competencies for the right job.

a. staffing

b. recruitment

c. selection

d. hiring

C

It is a goal-oriented process that ensures that organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of the employees.

a. HR planning

b. HR evaluation

c. performance appraisal

d. performance management

D

The following are core compensations aside from:

a. bonuses

b. wage

c. salary

d. none of the above

D

According to Aamodt and Carr (1988), employees referred by successful employees are more likely to have .

a. longer tenure

b. higher salary

c. shorter tenure

d. lower salary

A

These are core functions of Human Resource Management except for:

a. staffing

b. training

c. employee and labor relations

d. compensation

B

This refers to the lifelong series of activities that contribute to a person's career exploration, establishment, success, and fulfillment.

a. career planning

b. career management

c. career development

d. career retention

C

Providing career centers, career planning workshops, and career-oriented appraisals to employees are examples of:

a. career planning

b. career management

c. career development

d. career retention

B

HRD is a major function of HRM. Moreover, HRD is concerned with improving the employees' performance and the organization's effectiveness.

a. first statement is true

b. second statement is true

c. both statements are true

d. both statements are false

C

This process aims to provide the new employees with the information they need to function in the organization. It also initiates the beginning of emotional attachment on the part of the new employees.

a. employee orientation

b. mentoring

c. training

d. none of the above

A

Her boss told Janelle that aside from serving tables, she also now has to work in the kitchen and as a cashier. She will do these jobs every other two weeks. This shows that Janelle has received a:

a. job enlargement

b. job enrichment

c. job rotation

d. job addition

C

Mila is a social media manager for Jayps & Bianca's company. After a month of working, she was informed that aside from replying to customer inquiries, she would also do content creation, advertising, and campaigning. Mila experienced a:

a. job enlargement

b. job enrichment

c. job rotation

d. job addition

A

Which among the following is a function of HRD?

a. training

b. career development

c. performance management

d. all of the above

D

In developing an employee training system, the first step is to conduct a/an:

a. needs analysis

b. organizational analysis

c. task analysis

d. person analysis

A

In evaluating whether the training done was effective in the organization, in chronological order, what are the four levels that we should evaluate according to Kirkpatrick?

a. Learning, Reaction, Behavior, Results

b. Behavior, Learning, Reaction, Results

c. Reaction, Behavior, Learning, Results

d. Reaction, Learning, Behavior, Results

D

In their office, every first Friday of the month, Dio's coworkers usually go out to have dinner and fellowship with each other. However, as he is introverted, he usually does not go with them. Due to this, he is seen as unusual by his workmates. Considering this, what specific norms did Dio violate?

a. descriptive norms

b. prescriptive norms

c. team norms

d. group norms

A

Forming teams is effective when:

a. the work is complex

b. then work can be divided into specialized roles

c. the work consists of well-structured tasks

d. all of the above

D

This stage of team development is when team members begin to define their roles and focus on reducing the conflicts or tension experienced in the earlier phase.

a. Forming

b. Storming

c. Norming

d. Performing

C

At this stage, team members experience conflicts and resist their assigned roles.

a. Forming

b. Storming

c. Norming

d. Adjourning

B

The top management decided to create a team for the purpose of implementing a new product line for a new product that they will be launching next year. This team is composed of members such as a project manager, design engineers, R&D members, quality assurance specialists to name a few. This team will be disbanded after its purpose has been achieved. What kind of team is this?

a. Project team

b. Parallel team

c. Work team

d. Management team

A

These are teams with members from different departments within the organization.

a. parallel teams

b. cross-functional teams

c. both a & b

d. none of the above

C

This arises when an individual perceives that another person is keeping him/her reaching a goal or taking away his/her right to behave in a certain manner. When this arises, a psychological and behavioral reaction occurs.

a. Conflict

b. Problem

c. Dispute

d. All of the above

A

If there is a need for a neutral 3rd party who will help the conflicting parties reach a conclusion, it is called:

a. Mediation

b. Arbitration

c. Moderation

d. Both a & b

A

Arbitration works best when the organization requires it. It can also be binding or non-binding.

a. first statement is correct

b. second statement is correct

c. both statements are not correct

d. both statements are correct

B

This style of handling conflicts is best used when there is an emergency and there is an urgent need to make a decision.

a. Compromising

b. Accommodating

c. Collaborative

d. Forcing

D

Which among the following conflict styles usually involves negotiation and bargaining?

a. Compromising

b. Accommodating

c. Collaborative

d. Forcing

A

One of the problems with teams is that they have additional costs, in which resources are expanded toward team development and maintenance rather than the tasks. This is called:

a. Process losses

b. Brook's Law

c. Social inhibition

d. Resource losses

A

This occurs when people exert less effort and perform lower than their actual capability when working in teams.

a. Social inhibition

b. Social facilitation

c. Social loafing

d. Social compensation

C

The following are reasons for joining a group aside from:

a. identification

b. social proximity

c. assignment

d. physical proximity

B

Which of the following groups is more likely to perform better?

a. heterogeneous

b. slightly heterogeneous

c. homogeneous

d. uniform

B

Jerem and Dio were performing the same task alongside each other, and this caused Jerem to become less productive than Dio. This is an example of:

a. social inhibition

b. social facilitation

c. coaction

d. audience effects

C

Groupthink will most likely occur if:

a. the group is not isolated

b. the group lacks cohesion

c. there's a pressure in making a quick decision

d. the group allows for dissenters

C

Which among the following is the difference between organizational change and organizational development?

a. Org change is relatively longer than organizational development.

b. Organizational change usually focuses on specific situations, whereas organizational development takes a more holistic approach to change.

c. Org change is more concerned with the professional growth of the individual employees than organizational development.

d. none of the above

B

According to Lewin, these are the three stages of change.

a. Freezing, Defreezing, Refreezing

b. Unfreezing, Refreezing, Changing

c. Unfreezing, Changing, Refreezing

d. Defreezing, Changing, Freezing

C

You have noticed a need for a change in your company because of the decline in your sales and the increasing customer complaints. To create an impetus for change, you have gathered relevant data and shown it to your subordinates. According to Lewin, what stage of change does this depict?

a. defreezing

b. unfreezing

c. moving

d. changing

B

It refers to how organizations move from their current or present state to increase their effectiveness. It includes changing organizations' structure, technology, process, and business model to gain a competitive advantage.

a. Organizational change

b. Organizational development

c. Organizational transformation

d. Organizational transition

A

Jayps & Bianca's start-up company has grown immensely. Initially, they were using a manual inventory system. However, they now find it laborious, which is why they have gradually introduced a new digital inventory tracking system. This is an example of what change?

a. Downsizing

b. Upsizing

c. De-merger

d. Incremental

D

After a year, Jayps & Bianca's company faced a financial problem, which is why they needed to lay off some employees to ensure that their business remained afloat. What kind of change occurred?

a. Downsizing

b. Developmental

c. De-merger

d. Incremental

A

"The strategy of the organization is dependent on its structure."

a. this least likely false

b. this is least likely true

c. this is sometimes true

d. this sometimes false

B

Organismic structures have a:

a. high variability & low analyzability

b. high variability & high analyzability

c. low variability & high analyzability

d. low variability & low analyzability

A

The best structure for an organization also depends on its external environment. Further, for stable environments, a mechanistic structure is better suited.

a. first statement is false

b. second statement is false

c. both statements are not false

d. both statements are false

C

When the environment is complex, the organization should be:

a. centralized

b. rigid

c. decentralized

d. diverse

C

If the environment is more diverse, what organizational structure should the organization employ?

a. functional

b. divisional

c. tall

d. project-based

B

This depicts graphically the various levels of status or authority in an organization and the number of workers that report to each position of authority.

a. organigram

b. organizational chart

c. organizational picture

d. two of the options are correct

D

The following are characteristics of a traditional structure, aside from:

a. the employees have formally defined roles

b. the organization is very rule-driven

c. it is not resistant to change

d. none of the above

C

It is the degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy.

a. Chain of command

b. Centralization

c. Decentralization

d. Span of Control

B

Which among the following is an advantage of flat structures?

a. It offers many promotional opportunities.

b. There is no duplication of area expertise.

c. It is not "top heavy."

d. It is less suited for routine tasks.

C

This is one of the advantages of divisional structures.

a. It eliminates duplication of functions.

b. It exposes specialists to others within the same specialty.

c. It ensures greater accountability for each division as they act as separate entities.

d. All of the above

C

A tall organizational structure has a:

a. Long chain of command & narrow span of control

b. Short chain of command & narrow span of control

c. Long chain of command & wide span of control

d. Short chain of command & wide span of control

A

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a tall structure?

a. There are more overhead costs.

b. There are few opportunities for career advancement.

c. Reporting to more than one authority can cause confusion to the employee.

d. all of the above

A

A manufacturing company is composed of different departments. It has a production department, sales department, finance department, HR department, and marketing department. We could say that this company has a what kind of structure?

a. Divisional

b. Functional

c. Matrix

d. Team-based

B

Which among the following has centralized decision-making?

a. Mechanistic

b. Team-based

c. Matrix

d. Organismic

A

Start-up companies usually have a:

a. functional structure

b. simple structure

c. divisional structure

d. team-based structure

B

This structure is characterized by a narrow span of control & a high degree of formalization and centralization.

a. mechanistic

b. mechanic

c. organismic

d. organic

A

Which of the statements is the difference between tall and flat structures?

a. In flat structures, lower-level employees tend to feel cut off from their bosses, whereas in a tall structure, communication between bosses and subordinates tends to be richer.

b. Tall structures offer many promotional opportunities while flat structures do not.

c. There may be no adequate supervision in tall structures, while there is in flat structures.

d. All of the above.

B

Reporting to two bosses is good because it reduces confusion on the end of the employee.

a. This is true for project-based structures.

b. This is true for organizations with matrix structures.

c. This is not true for organizations with matrix structures.

d. This is not true for project-based structures.

C

In this kind of organizational structure, workers have two reporting lines - a functional manager & a project manager.

a. Divisional

b. Team-based

c. Matrix

d. Project-based

C

Enjel, a manager, always makes sure that she conveys her confidence to her subordinates because she believes that doing so will help increase their motivation and, therefore, their performance as well. This is a depiction of:

a. Hawthorne effect

b. Placebo effect

c. Rosenthal effect

d. Self-fulfilling prophecy

C

Before Pia was hired, the HR personnel explained her duties and responsibilities to her. However, one month after getting hired, she noticed that her actual duties differed from what she was expecting. We could expect Pia to feel:

a. satisfied & motivated

b. dissatisfied & motivated

c. dissatisfied & demotivated

d. neutral because it did not affect her satisfaction & motivation.

C

When the hygiene factors of a job are fostered and increased, which among the following will most likely happen?

a. increased job satisfaction

b. decreased job satisfaction

c. neutral job satisfaction

d. increased job dissatisfaction

C

Employees with a high need for achievement are more likely to be satisfied in a:

a. job that is easy

b. job that is challenging

c. job that influences other people

d. job that works with other people

B

The following are HYGIENE FACTORS except for one:

a. Remuneration

b. Working conditions

c. Recognition

d. Company policies

C

Which of the following is incorrect about the ERG theory?

a. The ERG theory has three levels.

b. These three levels are Expectancy, Relatedness, & Growth.

c. According to this theory, an individual can skip levels and return to previous ones.

d. none of the above

B

According to the Job Characteristics Theory, employees will be motivated if the job:

a. is routinary

b. does not have feedback

c. allows for independence

d. allows a person to work on small parts of the task

C

Which of the following scenarios best characterizes the "Relatedness" need in Alderfer's ERG Theory?

a. Amiel seeks a promotion for career development.

b. Sol wants a higher salary to afford their basic needs.

c. Catherine regularly organizes team dinners and values having a smooth interpersonal relationship with her workmates.

d. River takes night classes to earn another degree.

C

If the work activities in a particular job are routinary and easily analyzed, what would a company more likely standardize as a form of coordination?

a. outputs

b. skills

c. processes

d. goals

C

Clemuel, Bianca, and Hanna work on different client accounts in a consulting firm but often share tips, resources, and feedback through sending messages on their Messenger group chat. These help them improve their approaches & techniques, and allow them to be synchronized with one another. What form of coordination are they using?

a. formal communication

b. informal communication

c. supervisory control

d. formal hierarchy

B

At SB19 Inc., all customer service representatives went through the same intensive training program that taught them how to handle client inquiries, follow the standardized call protocols, and use their company's Customer Relationship Management system. Due to this, anyone has the ability to take over calls or assist customers seamlessly, ensuring consistent service quality without needing direct supervision or detailed instructions. What was standardized among the employees?

a. skills

b. processes

c. outputs

d. goals

A

These are the two fundamental processes of organizational structures:

a. span of control and unity of command

b. span of control and coordination

c. division of labor and coordination

d. division of labor and unity of command

C

This refers to the number of authority levels in a particular organization.

a. Span of control

b. Chain of command

c. Division of labor

d. Centralization

B

Which of the following is not a part of Fayol's management functions?

a. organizing

b. controlling

c. commanding

d. directing

D

Aaron is meticulously monitoring his team to make sure that everything they planned and the instructions she gave are being done by his subordinates. This exhibits what function of management?

a. organizing

b. controlling

c. commanding

d. directing

B

Which among the following is not a principle of management based on the administrative theory?

a. Employees should be assigned to a task that they can become good at.

b. Everyone should follow the rules in the organization.

c. Fair pay is important.

d. The employee should prioritize personal career aspirations.

D

According to Fayol, managers should be fair to all employees, and fairness should prevail in the organization. This pertains to what principle of administrative theory?

a. justice

b. equity

c. discipline

d. esprit de corps

B

According to Fayol, organizations should strive to promote team unity & morale, and foster a sense of belonging among employees. This is what principle of administrative theory?

a. justice

b. equity

c. discipline

d. esprit de corps

D

Jobs in an organization following this theory are overly simple, routine, and lack variety, leading to employee boredom, dissatisfaction, and low motivation.

a. Contingency

b. Administrative

c. Bureaucracy

d. Open systems

C

A department with a primary responsibility to meet the organization's major goals has a:

a. Linear function

b. Staff function

c. Line function

d. Authority function

C

The sales department in a retail company assumes a what kind of function?

a. Linear function

b. Staff function

c. Line function

d. Authority function

C

This theory focuses on the formal structure of the organization and leaves out the human aspect of the organization.

a. Classical

b. Neoclassical

c. Contingency

d. Open systems

A

The following are principles of Scientific Management theory, aside from:

a. training & development should be done to ensure that employees can perform tasks optimally

b. there should be an incentive system to motivate employees

c. employees should be based on their skills & abilities, which match the job roles

d. the employees' personal interests should come second to the organization's interest

D

This allows the organization to take advantage of individuals' strengths & weaknesses because employees are trained to do only particular tasks and duties assigned to their jobs.

a. Delegation of authority

b. Division of labor

c. Span of control

d. Centralization

B

This refers to the number of subordinates who report to a given supervisor.

a. Delegation of authority

b. Division of labor

c. Span of control

d. Centralization

C

A narrow span of control is best suited for which type of work?

a. Work that is repetitive and standardized

b. When the work has a high autonomy

c. Work with complex and unpredictable tasks

d. When the work has a high analyzability

C

This pertains to the process where supervisors assign particular responsibilities to certain employees, which allows supervisors to focus on higher-level responsibilities.

a. Delegation of authority

b. Division of labor

c. Span of control

d. Centralization

A

The following are the criticisms of Classical theory, aside from:

a. This theory is concerned with informal groups.

b. This theory undermines the influence of outside factors on individual behavior.

c. It does not care about human elements.

d. The communication in the organization is not two-way

A

Hanna gets together with her workmates, Clemuel and Bianca, every Friday to go to the nearest cafés to try different flavors of coffee. What kind of group is this?

a. formal group

b. interest group

c. friendship group

d. task group

C

Andrei gathered his workmates to form a small group because most of them found the need to demand better working conditions in their workplace. What kind of group is this?

a. interest group

b. command group

c. task group

d. formal group

A

This theory is a reaction to the rigidity of classical organizational theory and extends it by incorporating behavioral science.

a. neo-classical

b. open systems

c. contingency

d. bureaucracy

A

Which among the following theories contends that there is no single best approach to make a decision or to lead an organization?

a. neo-classical

b. open systems

c. contingency

d. bureaucracy

C

This theory contends that the organization is not an isolated entity but is continuously influenced by its environment.

a. neo-classical

b. open systems

c. contingency

d. bureaucracy

B

If an organization adheres to the contingency theory, upon decision making, it takes into consideration the:

a. company's internal environment

b. company's external environment

c. both a & b

d. none of the above

C

This theory emphasizes that an organization transforms human and physical resources from its environment to turn them into goods and services.

a. scientific management

b. open systems

c. contingency

d. administrative

B

It is a set of principles designed to analyze and forecast how individuals and groups function within different organizational settings and situations.

a. Structural theory

b. Motivational theory

c. Organizational theory

d. Psychological theory

C

Which among the following is a function of an organizational structure?

a. shows the arrangement of positions in an organization and its hierarchy

b. describes the roles, responsibilities, and lines of command

c. used as a tool for organizational change

d. all of the above

D