EDCI 2700 final

Autism Spectrum Disorder

-a developmental disability

-significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction

- evident before the age three

- adversely affecting child's educational performance.

The DSM-5 divides them into two general domains:

1)Social communication impairment

2) Repetitive/restricted behaviors

Pragmatics

the social use of language

Example of Pragmatics

Knowing when to speak and when to listen in a conversation, allowing for a balance exchange of ideas

Expressive Language

language is encoding or sending messages

Receptive language

language is decoding or understanding messages

the most important organ for hearing

Ear (inner ear)

What are the 3 main types of hearing aids?

1) worn BEHIND the ear

2) worn IN the ear;

3) worn farther down in the CANAL of the ear.

Hearing impairments are likely to cause problems with

1)language comprehension

2)language production

3)speech

Multiple disabilites

Concomitant impairments that causes such educational impairments that they cannot be accommodated in a special ed program solely for one of them

what are multiple disabilities linked to?

Low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities are often linked conceptually

Traumatic brain injury definition

1)There is injury to the brain caused by an external force.

2)The injury is not caused by a degenerative or congenital condition.

3)There is a diminished or altered state of consciousness.

4)Neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction results from the injury.

Traumatic brain injury characteristics

Problems remembering things

Problems learning new information

Speech and/or language problems

Difficulty sequencing things

Difficulty in processing information (making sense of things)

Extremely uneven abilities or performance (able to do some things but not others)

Extremely uneven progress (quick gains sometimes, no gains other times)

Inappropriate manners or mannerisms

Failure to understand humor or social situations

Becoming easily tired, frustrated, or angered

Unreasonable fear or anxiety

Irritability

Sudden, exaggerated swings of mood

Self-injury

epeated physical self-abuse, such as biting, scratching, or poking oneself, head-banging

Other Health Impairment

is one of the 13 impairments found in bulletin 1508 and IDEA

cerebral palsy (CP)

a condition characterized by paralysis, weakness, lack of coordination, and/or other motor dysfunction; caused by damage to the brain before it has matured.

Quadriplegia

A neurological condition in which all four limbs are paralyzed

Paraplegia

A condition in which both legs are paralyzed.

Hemiplegia

A neurological condition in which one half (left or right) of the body is affected.

Seizure

an abnormal discharge of electrical energy occurs in certain brain cells

what happens during seizure

loss of consciousness, involuntary movements, or abnormal sensory phenomena.

Epilepsy

a chronic neurological condition and has recurrent seizures

What causes epilepsy

lack of sufficient oxygen (hypoxia), low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), infections, and physical trauma

Progressive seizure

damage the brain or disrupt its functioning in such a way that having a seizure increases the probability of having another

Is there a cure for muscular dystrophy?

no

What are the common methods of identification of giftedness?

IQ

Standardized test scores

teacher nominations

self nomination

evaluation of students work

When is IQ testing used?

To test for giftedness and mld to moderate disabilities

Gardiner's Theory of multiple intellegences

linguistic, logico-mathematical, musical, kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence, naturalist, spiritual, and existentialist intelligence

Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness

schoolwide enrichment model (SEM)

What is Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness based on

the assumption that giftedness cannot be identified based on one single criterion

Renzulli's Three-Ring Conception of Giftedness 3 criteria

above average ability, task commitment, creativity

Self-Stimulation

any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose other than providing sensory stimulation

Tantrums

self-injury, screaming, crying, throwing or destroying objects, and aggression toward others

Not all Aggression Toward Others is associated with tantrums

Some individuals with severe or multiple disabilities engage in calculated physical attacks that threaten or injure others.

Lack of Daily Living Skills

absence or significant impairment of the ability to take care of one's basic needs, such as dressing, feeding, or toileting

Functional Behavioral Assessments and Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support

they apply to students with less severe disabilities However, these procedures may be particularly important for students with severe and multiple disabilities.

Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support

supporting desirable behavior rather than punishing the undesirable behavior; positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures

Functional Behavioral Assessments

Evaluation that consists of finding out

the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior),

and setting events (contextual factors)

that maintain inappropriate behaviors.