Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the study guide notes on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), covering pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and management.

Teratogenic Mechanism of Ethanol

Disrupts neuronal migration, cellular differentiation, and DNA synthesis, leading to widespread apoptosis and structural brain damage.

First Trimester Critical Period

The period throughout pregnancy associated with organogenesis.

Second & Third Trimester Critical Period

The period throughout pregnancy associated with brain growth.

Diagnostic Triad of FAS

Consists of 1. Microcephaly, 2. Growth Restriction, and 3. Characteristic Facial Dysmorphology.

Classic Facial Features of FAS

1. Short palpebral fissures, 2. Smooth philtrum, 3. Thin upper lip.

Additional Facial Features of FAS

Includes low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, vermilion border thinning, philtrum ridge flattening, and micrognathia.

Neurodevelopmental Issues

Complications of FAS including global cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, and ADHD & behavioral problems.

Growth Restriction Manifestations

Pre- & postnatal growth retardation alongside microcephaly.

Multidisciplinary Care Team (FAS)

Care team comprising Speech and Language Therapy (SALT), Occupational Therapy (OT), and Psychiatry (Psych).

Public Health Prevention Focus

Abstinence is key for the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

MSRA Clinical Pearl for FAS

Always look for the characteristic facial features combined with a history of maternal alcohol consumption in high-yield vignettes.