Week 5- Early Childhood

Four-year-old Irma is sitting at the lunch counter next to their sister Natalie. They are having hot dogs for lunch. When their mom cuts Irma's hot dog into five pieces and Natalie's into six pieces. Irma protests, "They have more than me!" Which of these does Irma NOT yet grasp?

1. Animism

2. Centration

3. Egocentrism

4. Conservation

Conservation

Matej helps their 2-year-old child make hot chocolate. Matej assists their child as they measure teaspoons of cocoa into a cup, add water, stir the contents, and then microwave the cup. Matej is demonstrating Vygotsky's concept of what?

1. Scaffolding

2. Modeling

3. Conservation training

4. Operant conditioning

Scaffolding

One area that we see rapid myelination in during early childhood is the part of the brain that works as a network to help connect brain regions on both the left and right hemispheres together. What brain structure is this?

1. Prefrontal cortex

2. Temporal-parietal junction

3. Somatosensory cortex

4. Corpus callosum

Corpus callosum

Which of the following is most accurate regarding toilet training?

1. The universal age across all cultures for toilet training is 3 years old.

2. Some research suggests that girls are toilet trained at earlier ages than boys.

3. The most important factor in the success of toilet training is the age of the child.

4. Most children master being toilet trained during nighttime sleep.

2

Which of the following is NOT demonstrated benefit to being bilingual?

1. Learning multiple terms for the same objects more efficiently

2. Learning more metaphors and analogies in a single language

3. Higher working memory capacity

4. Higher inhibitory control

2

Which of the following is NOT one component of theory of mind?

1. Knowledge access

2. False beliefs

3. Executive function

4. Diverse-beliefs

3

At what age do children have the necessary fine motor skills to use scissors?

1. 7 years old

2. 2 years old

3. 4 years old

4. 1.5 years old

4 years old

A 5-year-old child would be best at selectively attending to which of the following stimuli?

1. Looking at a picture book while other children play in the classroom

2. Listening to the teacher while in a noisy classroom

3. Hearing their friend ask a question while in a noisy classroom

4. Listening to the rules for a new game on a busy playground

1

3-year-old Michelle is making friendship bracelets with her dad. One of the beads rolls away from her and Michelle says, "that bead is trying to escape from us!" What is this an example of?

1. Conservation error

2. Animism

3. Egocentrism

4. Irreversibility

2

Which of the following theories proposes that children act as mini scientists by asking questions, generating predictions about the world, and building their own theories?

1. Theory of mind

2. Theory-theory

3. Nativism theory

4. Empirical theory

2

by age 2, how much does a child’s brain weighs __ percent of its adult weight

75

by age 6, the brains weighs __ of its adult weight

95%

what part of the brain helps allow faster thinking?

extensive myelination

what is the corpus callosum

thick band of nerve axons between the left and right hemisphere

True or False. Small amounts of stress can help learning and teach coping skills

True

What are the three long-lasting effects of chronic or toxic stress

shrinkage in brain regions, reduced immunity to disease, decreases in white matter

what do children need to cope with stress?

routines, exercise, sleep, proper nutrition

at what age can children use scissors

age 4

at what age do children develop balance to allow skipping, hopping, and jumping?

5

who get toilet trained faster? boys or girls?

girls

in the united states most children achieve toilet training by what age

3

what area of the brain undergoes growth during childhood to allow more elaborate thinking ahead, strategizing for games, and controlling attention?

prefrontal cortex

what is animism

belief or idea that natural objects and phenomena are alive

what is egocentrism

everything is based from that person’s perspective

Lucy has grown up with her golden retriever Hawkins. One day, her parents tell her that Hawkins used to be a tiny puppy. Lucy cannot believe this because she only thinks of him as the full size dog he is now, This demonstrates what type of thought pattern by Lucy?

conservation