Review Questions

Which of the following jobs most likely involves producer of research skills rather than consumer of research skills

A cop

B university professor

C physician

D journalist

Which of the following jobs most likely involves producer of research skills rather than consumer of research skills

A cop

B university professor

C physician

D journalist

B

as a true empiricist, one should

A base one’s conclusions off of direct observations

B strive to prove all theories with research

C be sure that one’s research can be applied in a real world setting

D discuss one’s ideas on a public platform like social media

A

a statement, or set of statements, that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another is a(n)

A prediction

B hypothesis

C empirical observation

D theory

D

Why is publication an important part of the research process

A because publication enables practitioners to use the research in applied settings

B because when a study is published, other scientists can verify or challenge it, making science self-correcting

C because journalists can make the knowledge available to the general public

D because publication is the first step in the theory-data cycle

B

which of the following research questions best illustrates an example of basic research

A has our company’s new marketing campaign let to an increase in sales

B how satisfied are our patients with the sensitivity of the nursing staff

C does wearing kinesio-tape reduce joint pain in figure skaters

D can 2-month-old humans tell the difference between four objects and six objects

D

Destiny concluded that her new white noise machine helped her fall asleep last night. She based this conclusion on personal evidence, which might have confounds. In this context, a confound means:

A another thing might have also occurred to help Destiny fall asleep

B Destiny’s experience has left her confused

C Destiny has not compared last night with times she didn’t use the white noise machine

A

What does is mean to say that research results are probabilistic?

A researchers refer to the probability that their theories are correct

B research predicts all possible results

C research conclusions explain a certain proportion of possible cases, but might not explain all.

D if there are exceptions to a research result, it means the theory is probably not correct

C

Marcelino had two students in his grade die by suicide. After this, Marcelino concludes that the most likely cause of death in teenagers is suicide. This is not correct. What happened?

A Marcelino was probably a victim of the bias blind spot

B marcelino was probably influenced by the availability heuristic, he was too influenced by cases that came to mind

C Marcelino thought about too many examples of teens who died from other causes besides suicide

D Marcelino did not consider possible confounds

B

When is it a good idea to base conclusions on the advice of authorities

A when authorities have an advanced degree like a master’s

B when authorities base their advice on research that systematically and objectively compares different conditions

C when the authority’s website has an impressive logo

D when authorities state they have many years of experience

B

Which of the following is the most reliable source for reading the details of a psychological study

A scientific journals

B online podcasts

C newspapers science pages

D full-length books

A

In reading an empirical journal article, what two questions should you be asking as you read?

A What is the argument? What is the evidence to support the argument?

B Why was this research done? Were there any significant findings?

C how reputable are the authors? Did the findings include support for the hypothesis?

D how does this research relate to other research? What are ways to extend this research further?

A

Which of the following variables are manipulated rather than measured? (Can be more than one)

A number of shoes owned, in pairs

B a person’s height, in cm

C Amount of aspirin a researcher gives a person to take, either 325mg or 500 mg

D degree of happiness, rated on a scale of 1-10

e type of praise a researcher uses in groups of dogs, verbal praise or clicking sound paired with treats

C, E

Which of the following is an association claim?

A chewing gum can improve your mood and focus

B handling money decreases helpful behavior in young children

C workaholism is tied to psychiatric disorders

D eating kiwis may help you fall asleep

C

Which of the following is a frequency claim

A obese kids are less sensitive to tastes

B eighty percent of women fees dissatisfied with how their bodies look

C Facebook might be to blame for you feeling fat

D daycare and behavior problems are not linked

B

Which of the following is a casual claim?

A taking a deep breath helps minimize high blood pressure, anxiety, and depression

B younger people can’t read expressions on wrinkled faces

C babies born in the autumn are more likely to live to 100

D many new moms show signs of OCD

A

Which validity would you be interrogating by asking: how well did the researchers measure sensitivity to tastes in this study?

A construct validity

B statistical validity

C External validity

D internal validity

A

Which validity would you be interrogating by asking: How did the researchers get their sample of people for this survey?

A construct validity

B statistical validity

C external validity

D internal validity

C

In most experiments, trade-offs are made between validities because it is not possible to achieve all four at once. What is the most common trade-off?

A internal and external validity

B construct and statistical validity

C statistical and internal validity

D external and statistical validity

A