Texes Art EC-12

Intensity

degrees of shading between black and white (expressive drawing effect)

Cloisonne

enameling technique where thin wire partitions (cloisons) are filled with enamel (art form from ancient Byzantium)

Chiaroscuro

using light (chiaro) and dark, or shade (use of shading)

Hue

dimension of color determined by wavelength of light (one of the main properties of color)

Veduta

Italian for "view" (landscape painting popular in 18th century Venice)

Volute

architectural element on an ionic capital (partially unrolled scroll)

Value

darkness or lightness of a color (amt of light reflected by a hue)

Tempura

painting using pigment mixed with egg yolk

Monet

French impressionist painter (1840-1926); Impressionism

Cezanne

French post-impressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components in nature (said "everything in nature adheres to the cone, cylinder, and the curve")

Picasso

prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973); Cubism

Piments

gives color/texture to paint

Gold Leaf

paper-thin sheets of hammered gold that are used in gilding (such as Byzantine icons)

Casein Paints

Milk based paint (gets rancid); cheap (mostly used in theater)

Synthetic Resin Paints

chemically different from resinous compounds secreted by plants; a"newer" painting medium (liquids harden permanently)

Vegetable Dyes

colorants derived from plants/fungi

Natural Dyes

dyes/colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals

Impressionism

-movement in 19th century French painting, in which artists reacted against Realism by conveying impressions of subjects in time; sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing

Futurism

-artistic movement in Italy around 1910 tried to express energy and values of machine age;

-Italian movement begun shortly before and during WWI; depicted dynamic movement and stressed violence & speed of Machine Age; They advocated revolution and glorified war.(Balla, Severini, Boccioni)

Expressionism

Beginning in the early 1900s, a school of art that focused on the emotional reaction to a subject. Paintings usually have strong lines and bold, vibrant colors. Masters of the style include Georges Rouault, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Gaugin.

Expressionist

Van Gogh, Gaugin, and Rouault, believe that good art expresses the emotions of the maker and has an emotional impact on its viewers

Romanticism

-glorifies heros; -bright colors, sharp diagonal movements, constantly moving forms and melodramatic lighting

-art movement during late 18th/early 19th centuries celebrated "nature" rather than civilization

-against Neoclassicism

Byzantine

designating the style of the fine or decorative arts developed and elaborated in the Byzantine Empire; intricate and complicated

Brazing

joining of two metals at an intermediate temperature above 800F using non-ferrous material

Welding

Fusing two pieces of material using a heat process; most commonly used with metal and plastics

Soldering

Process of joining two metallic surfaces to make an electrical contact by melting solder (usually tin and lead) across them; bonding metals and alloys that melt at temperatures below 840° F

Embossing

a raised relief design on paper surface through pressure-raised to form image; with or without ink

Debossing

a depressed image created on paper by applying heat and pressure

Realism

an artistic movement in 19th century France; Ex. "artists and writers strove for detailed realistic and factual description"

Sculpture

3-D work of art, statue; "in the round"

Opaque

not allowing the passage of light, not transparent

Neoclassicism

-French art movement that originated as a reaction to the Baroque in the mid-18th century, and continued into the middle of the 19th century.

-sought to revive ideals of ancient Greek and Roman art.

Baroque

-highly ornate decorative art/architecture that flourished in Europe in the 17th century

Greek Art

-glorified human beings; status stressed admired traits of beauty, strength, intelligence, pride, grace, and courage

Roman Art

-developed during the reign of Augustus. Architecture was used to emphasize the power and grandeur of Rome. Busts, statues, and paintings were created using the realistic style of Hellenistic artists. Most common were paintings of landscapes and scenes from daily life and mosaics and statues of people and animals.

Hellenistic

Relating to the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late 2nd century B.C.

Bust

a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person

Etching

an intaglio/engraved printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.

Printmaking

artistic design and manufacture of prints as woodcuts or silkscreens

Medium

A material used to make art.

Intaglio

a printing process that uses an etched or engraved plate; Ex. the plate is smeared with ink and wiped clean, then the ink left in the recesses makes the print

Aquatint

an etching made by a process that makes it resemble a water color; etching technique consisting of sprinkling a metal plate with powdered resin and heating it to adhere

Durer

a leading German painter and engraver of the Renaissance (1471-1528)

Goya

which artist became more bitter as he grew older and began painting subject matter from his dreams because he felt the real world could not communicate his thoughts?

Goya

who was a court painter for King Charles IV?

Rembrandt

Dutch painter, who painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants and used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus

Matisse

Which artists devoted his later years to paper cutouts? He would cut the shapes at random or sometimes with a certain idea in mind.

Matisse

Who was the leader of the Fauvist movement?

Fauvism

an art movement launched in 1905 whose work was characterized by bright and non-natural colors and simple forms noun; cut-outs

Ex. influenced the expressionists

Inadequate Wiping

What causes the background of a dry-point etching to become too dark?

Compact & Unified Form

What is the main concept to stress in a lesson on sculpture for beginners?

Anatomical Construction Proficiency

What is the least important expectation of a lesson in modeling the human figure?

Soldering

What is the safest method in a classroom when assembling sheet brass sculptures?

Cubism

an artistic movement in France beginning in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical planes; Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

Tusche

a black liquid used in lithography for drawing and painting and in etching and the silk-screen process as a resist

Lithography

a printmaking method in which the image to be printed is drawn on a limestone, zinc, or aluminum surface with a special greasy crayon

Washout

What is tusche used as in silk-screen printing?

Iron Oxide

In ceramics, what oxide is used to produce a glaze with red tones?

Vanadium Oxide

In ceramics, what oxide is used to produce a glaze with pale green tones?

Nickel Oxide

In ceramics, what oxide is used to produce a glaze with brown tones?

Cobalt Oxide

In ceramics, what oxide is used to produce a glaze with blue/metallic tones?

Firing

the process of heating ceramic pieces in a kiln

Glazing

firing porcelain at high temperature to achieve a smooth, shiny surface; makes ceramics waterproof

Molding

the act of creating something by casting it in a mold

Bisque

Pottery that has been fired but not yet glazed.

Kiln

an oven that can reach extreme temperatures necessary to harden clay and melt glazes

Earthenware

ceramic ware made of porous clay fired at low heat

Make-Ready

Press preparation time, including all the steps needed before an actual press run.

Armature

a framework used to support material being modeled in sculpture

Ceramic

may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous (a glass)

Weft

in weaving, a thread that travels horizontally through the vertical warp in weaving; older term "woof"

Warp

in weaving, threads that lie in a vertical position

Weaving

using a loom to interlace of two sets of threads at right angles to each other: the warp and the weft

Loom

a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

Hand Loom

Weaving machine to make textiles before the Industrial Revolution; Shuttle facilitates interlacing process; types of hand looms are pegged & free-standing looms

Stage Costume Fabrics

fabrics used on stage such as chiffon, burlap, and satin

Applique

An art form in which cutout fabric decorations are fastened to a larger surface to create a new design

Batik

method of dyeing fabric by covering certain sections with wax

Jacquard

French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834); intricately-woven variegated fabric; loom for making jacquard

Petit Point

needlepoint done with small stitches

Buckram

stiff-finished cotton or linen used for garment linings

Potassium Sulphide

What solution can darken copper and brass?

Champleve

(for metals) having areas separated by metal and filled with colored enamel and fired; enameling/metal technique

Repousse

a metal technique in which a relief is formed on the front by hammering a metal plate from the back

Gouache

a type of watercolor paint, made heavier and more opaque by the addition of a white pigment (chalk, Chinese white, etc.) in a gum arabic mixture. This results in a stronger color than ordinary watercolor.

Granulation

ornamenting small grains of metal, usually gold, soldered to a flat surface

Hatching

shading consisting of multiple crossing lines

Cultures that used Weaving

Andean civilizations, American Southwest, Amazonia

Silk

What type of fabric uses a satin weave where each warp thread floats over 16 weft threads?

Serigraph

a print made using a stencil process in which an image or design is superimposed on a very fine mesh screen and printing ink is squeegeed onto the printing surface through the area of the screen that is not covered by the stencil

Monotype

One of a kind print made from painted or inked surface.

Mezzotint

picture engraved on copper/steel by polishing or scraping away parts of a roughened surface; printmaking process

Stipple

paint or draw with dots or short strokes

Tonal Effects

Mezzotint, Aquatint & Stipple create what type of effects?

Modern Art

a general term for the huge changes in art in the 20th C. Much modern art is about the simplication and flattening of an image often to represent an essential aspect of reality instead of a representation of a visual scene (real or imagined

avant-gard

ahead of the times, especially in the arts; a group that is ahead of the times

Relief

sculpture consisting of shapes carved on a surface so as to stand out from the surrounding background

Offset Printing

A commonly used commercial printing technique in which an image is transferred or "offset" to a rubber roller before it is printed on paper.

Intaglio Drawing

-a method of reproducing drawings where incised lines are printed

Environmental Design

careers that are centered on the places people visit and where they live and work. For example, these include architecture, landscape architecture, and interior design