ch 171 - chapter 7 (solubility, dissolution, solution concentrations)

Dissolution

Process by which a solute (solid, liquid, gas) dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

During dissolution, what happens to particles of the solute?

the particles of the solute are separated and surrounded by solvent molecules

What happens to solute particles during dissolution? Does this require energy?

They break away from their solid form. This does require energy to overcome the IMFS holding the solute particles together (known as the lattice energy in ionic solids).

What do solvent molecules do to solute particles during dissolution?

Solvent molecules surround the solute particles, stabilizing them in solution. This involves interactions between the solvent molecules and solute ions/molecules.

Like dissolves…

Like. Non polar molecules dissolve best in nonpolar solvents and so on for polar molecules.

The solubility of most solid solutes increases with…

Increasing temperature. This happens because increasing temperature provides more kinetic energy, which helps solute particles break free from the solid phase.

The solubility of gases in liquid ____ with increasing temperature.

Decreases. Higher temperatures give gas molecules more energy making them less likely to remain dissolved. For example, carbonated drinks lose their fizz more quickly when heated.

What is solubility directly proportional to?

Solubility is directly proportional to pressure.

if a solute has a greater surface area, will it dissolve faster or slower?

It will dissolve faster. Smaller particles have a larger surface area exposed to the solvent, so they will dissolve more quickly. For example, powered sugar dissolves more quickly in water than a sugar cube because the surface area of the powder is greater.

Saturated solution

Maximum amount of solute has dissolved at a given temperature. Any additional solute will not dissolve and will remain undissolved at the bottom of the container

Molarity (M)

Moles of solute/liters of solution