L5 - functional groups

What is a functional group?

A single atom or group of atoms that attaches to hydrocarbons and changes their properties.

Which part of the hydrocarbon is usually the reactive part?

The functional group.

What is the hydroxyl group and how is it written?

A functional group with oxygen and hydrogen, written as –OH.

How does adding a hydroxyl group change the name of a hydrocarbon?

The name ends in “-ol” (e.g., butane → butanol).

: Example: A 3-carbon chain with –OH on carbon 2 is called what?

2-propanol.

How are alcohol isomers named?

What atoms make up the carboxyl group and how is it written?By numbering the carbon the –OH group is attached to.

What atoms make up the carboxyl group and how is it written?

Two oxygens and a hydrogen, written as –COOH (one oxygen double-bonded to carbon, one like an –OH group).

How does adding a carboxyl group change a hydrocarbon’s name?

Replace final “e” of the alkane name with “-oic acid”.

Why is the carbon in the –COOH group always numbered “1”?

Because the carboxyl group has priority in naming.