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Imperialism
When a country extends it's power into other territories for it's own benefit
Social Darwinism
The idea that certain people become powerful in society. It justified imperialism and racism
Diaspora
People who are dispersed or scattered from their native territory and settle into another geographic location
Nationalism
Emphasizes loyalty and devotion to a nation
Berlin conference
Took place in 1884 in Germany. Attended by European countries and the US. There were no Africans present. It divided the continent, created artificial boundaries, and gave Europeans control.
Apartheid
A system that legalized racial segregation in which a racial group was deprived of political and civil rights
Nelson Mandela
Leader of the ANC he fought against apartheid in South Africa. He was the first black president of South africa. And was imprisoned for almost 30 years.
FW DeKlerk
South african politician who publicly apologized for apartheid's negative effects
Steven Biko
A student who was an anti apartheid activist. He founded the black consciousness movement. He was arrested and then beaten up by officers and then taken to Pretoria and left there to die.
Pan-Africanism
A movement dedicated to establishing independence and unity among African nations
transatlantic slave trade
It was when around 13 million African people were forced onto European and American ships and traveled across the Atlantic ocean to be enslaved.
regions of the middle east
The northern tier, the fertile crescent, the Arabian peninsula, the Nile valley, the Maghreb.
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
The three main groups are the Arabs,Persians and the kurds they all have very different histories
Hammurabi's code
An eye for an eye. Known for being the first written code of law.
Birth of Modern Israel
Created in 1948 after World War 2. After the land was given to Britain, in a mandate, the land was to be divided. The Palestinians and Arabs did not agree to this. War began immediately. Borders have continually changed.
Ancient Mesopotamia
Developed in the fertile crescent, the evaluability of the rivers helped it succeed.
The bible
connected to christainty
the quran
connected to islam
the torah
connected to Judaism
Development of Monotheistic religions
all three connected to Abraham. Oldest to newest Judaism, christianity, islam. Christianity is the most practiced religion in the world with islam being the second most practiced religion
Six day war
1967 Israel was victorious and gained a large amount of land much of which was returned.
yom kippur war
1973, started by Egypt and Syria Israel was victorious and gained land
Persian gulf war
Started when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, it was fought over land, oil, and water access. Our troops were involved ended quickly as a loss for Iran
iran-iraq war
8-year war fighting started over a conflict about land in the Persian golf US supported both sides at different times and ended in a stalemate.
important muslim cities
Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
geography of the middle east
Middle East connected Europe Asia and Africa. Considered the crossroads of the world. Gained influence during the Silk Road
The muslim golden age
A point in history when art and culture flourished from the 8th to 13th century.
Sykes and Picot
british negotiators who divided the land of palestine during the British mandate. This eventually led to the conflict still going on today.
British Mandate of Palestine
Eventually divided into 2 independent states. The Arabs did not agree
democracy
A system of government where elections are held people are usually represented through elected officials
Theocracy
System of government ruled by the particular religion
Ayatollah Khomeini
Ruled as the supreme leader of Iran after the revolution in 1979.
Caste System
A classification of people according to occupation and determines access to wealth, power, and privilege
The Taj Mahal
Commissioned by shah jahan as a tomb for his wife. Caused a financial burden on India.
Partition of India
In 1947 with the end of the British Raj, the country of Pakistan was created for muslims. Much violence resulted, still some issues today.
British Raj
Period of control
India was treated as a market for British goods and their resources improved the British economy
Gandhi
Peaceful leader of the Indian resistance movement he used ideas like boycotts, ahimsa and civil disobedience he was against the partition of India and was assassinated in January of 1948
Indus river
Supported agriculture and supplied water and other resources in India
Ganges River
It was considered sacred in the Hindu religion. Some people believed that bathing in it was a way to receive forgiveness for something they've done.
Conflict in Kashmir
India Pakistan and China have all fought over this land
Archipelago
A chain of islands. For example Japan is one of them
subcontinent
A large landmass that juts out from a continent
isthimus
A narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses and separates two bodies of water
sepoy rebellion
Hindus and muslims came together in India to fight the British the British were ignoring their cultural beliefs
boxer rebellion
The Chinese fought against foreigners in the country. They wanted to end Western influence. This was put down by Western forces. This led to the eventual downfall of the Qing dynasty.
relationship between india and pakistan today
There have been many efforts made to improve the relationship, but the relations between the countries remain frigid
outsourcing
Sending jobs to another country. The US often sent jobs like telemarketing to India and other places with large populations for cheap labor.
allocation
Distribution of resources
china's geography
It is large in land size but not all liveable. Most live in the eastern third. Surrounded by the Pacific Ocean the Gobi Desert and the Himalayas mountains
Daoism
Chinese philosophy where the yin and yang balance the light and dark in the universe
confucianism
Chinese philosophy developed by Confucius, it focused on bringing order to society. It was based on 5 relationships. Had a strong belief in filial piety which means respect for your parents.
legalism
Philosophy where a ruler must maintain order in society and that people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority.
Mandate of Heaven
Symbolized that the Chinese ruling family had the support of the gods. Similar to European divine right
Dynastic cycle
The way ruling families in China gained and lost power
The Great Wall of China
Built to protect China from Mongol invasion. It did not work
Ming dynasty
Closed China's doors to foreigners which hurt China in the long run
Yuan dynasty
Foreign dynasty in China. United under Kublai
Qing dynasty
China's last dynasty after they fell china transitioned from an imperial government to a nationalist government.
opium wars
Wars fought between China and Britain over the British supplying opium to the chinese. China lost this exposed how far behind China had become. China was forced to open their doors. They lost Hong Kong they signed many unequal treaties and gave spheres of
Sino-Japanese War
A war was fought between China and Japan. Japan easily defeated China which again showed how weak China had become.
Types of governments in china's history
3 types of government, imperial or dynasty , nationalist government, communist government
long march
Jiang Jieshi tried to rid China of the communists led by mao. Communists fled for over a year
Jiang Jieshi
The leader of nationalist party eventually lost control to Mao and the communists
Mao Zedong
first communist leader of China
communism in China
It officially took over with the establishment of the people's republic of china in 1949 first led by Chairman Mao they embraced the use of communes. No private ownership they discouraged practicing religion and used free education camps
China's period of isolation
China closed its doors in the 15th century during the Ming dynasty and didn't open them until they were forced after the opium wars of the 19th century which was the Qing dynasty. China was self sufficient so they thought it was a good idea. And the European industrial revolution surpassed them.
Tianenman square massacre
Happened in China in 1989 students were protesting for democratic reforms. The government responded with force. There were high casualties.
Great Leap Foward
Mao's attempt to modernize China's industry and agricultural production. It caused a massive famine and led to millions of deaths. It was a huge failure.
Cultural revolution
Mao's attempt to make China's youth more appreciative of communism. He created the red guard and targeted the four pals eventually got out of hand and the military had to restore order.
China's government and economy today
Socially china is communist economically they are capitalist. They have the second-largest economy in the world.
Shinto
A religion found in Japan. Shinto shrines can be found all over Japan, polytheistic and methods of worship varied
Samurai
Japanese warriors during feudalism
code of bushido
Code of conduct followed in Japan, especially by the samurai. One point was to never dishonor your country.
Seppuku
Samurai would be expected to take their own lives after losing a battle this was connected to the code of bushido
Japan's role in WWII
Looked to expand their land for resources and living space started by taking over Manchuria and parts of China. Engaged the US in war with the attack of Pearl Harbor. And two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
tokyo
Capital City in japan
Japan's economic miracle
After the destruction of World War 2. Japan was not allowed to have a military. Put all efforts in resources into rebuilding their economy which led it to become one of the strongest in the world.
Japanese imperialism in the 1900s
Expanded into mainland Asia out of a need for resources and land space.
Cultural borrowing in Asia
Due to location japan china and the Koreas share some cultural norms
What happened on October 7, 2023 in Israel?
Hamas invaded Israel and took more than 200 people hostage. Israel has retaliated since.
Yitzak Rabin
Israeli prime minister in 1990's who came closest to establishing peace however he was assassinated
Benjamin Netanyahu
Current prime minister in Israel
Hamas
The group that controls Palestine today. United states designated them as a terrorist organization.
Modern War in Ukraine
Ukraine was invaded by Russia in february of 2022. It is still ongoing. The US supports ukraine but not with soldiers.
russia
ukraine
germany
united states
brazil
what country is this
india
venezuela
what country is this
israel
the middle east
which religion followed caste system
Hinduism
India's Geography
subcontinent
which is not a natural boundary of china
The Great Wall of China
Japan's geography
archipelago, lacks resources, lots of mountains
