Honors World History final

Imperialism

When a country extends it's power into other territories for it's own benefit

Social Darwinism

The idea that certain people become powerful in society. It justified imperialism and racism

Diaspora

People who are dispersed or scattered from their native territory and settle into another geographic location

Nationalism

Emphasizes loyalty and devotion to a nation

Berlin conference

Took place in 1884 in Germany. Attended by European countries and the US. There were no Africans present. It divided the continent, created artificial boundaries, and gave Europeans control.

Apartheid

A system that legalized racial segregation in which a racial group was deprived of political and civil rights

Nelson Mandela

Leader of the ANC he fought against apartheid in South Africa. He was the first black president of South africa. And was imprisoned for almost 30 years.

FW DeKlerk

South african politician who publicly apologized for apartheid's negative effects

Steven Biko

A student who was an anti apartheid activist. He founded the black consciousness movement. He was arrested and then beaten up by officers and then taken to Pretoria and left there to die.

Pan-Africanism

A movement dedicated to establishing independence and unity among African nations

transatlantic slave trade

It was when around 13 million African people were forced onto European and American ships and traveled across the Atlantic ocean to be enslaved.

regions of the middle east

The northern tier, the fertile crescent, the Arabian peninsula, the Nile valley, the Maghreb.

Ethnic groups in the Middle East

The three main groups are the Arabs,Persians and the kurds they all have very different histories

Hammurabi's code

An eye for an eye. Known for being the first written code of law.

Birth of Modern Israel

Created in 1948 after World War 2. After the land was given to Britain, in a mandate, the land was to be divided. The Palestinians and Arabs did not agree to this. War began immediately. Borders have continually changed.

Ancient Mesopotamia

Developed in the fertile crescent, the evaluability of the rivers helped it succeed.

The bible

connected to christainty

the quran

connected to islam

the torah

connected to Judaism

Development of Monotheistic religions

all three connected to Abraham. Oldest to newest Judaism, christianity, islam. Christianity is the most practiced religion in the world with islam being the second most practiced religion

Six day war

1967 Israel was victorious and gained a large amount of land much of which was returned.

yom kippur war

1973, started by Egypt and Syria Israel was victorious and gained land

Persian gulf war

Started when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, it was fought over land, oil, and water access. Our troops were involved ended quickly as a loss for Iran

iran-iraq war

8-year war fighting started over a conflict about land in the Persian golf US supported both sides at different times and ended in a stalemate.

important muslim cities

Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem

geography of the middle east

Middle East connected Europe Asia and Africa. Considered the crossroads of the world. Gained influence during the Silk Road

The muslim golden age

A point in history when art and culture flourished from the 8th to 13th century.

Sykes and Picot

british negotiators who divided the land of palestine during the British mandate. This eventually led to the conflict still going on today.

British Mandate of Palestine

Eventually divided into 2 independent states. The Arabs did not agree

democracy

A system of government where elections are held people are usually represented through elected officials

Theocracy

System of government ruled by the particular religion

Ayatollah Khomeini

Ruled as the supreme leader of Iran after the revolution in 1979.

Caste System

A classification of people according to occupation and determines access to wealth, power, and privilege

The Taj Mahal

Commissioned by shah jahan as a tomb for his wife. Caused a financial burden on India.

Partition of India

In 1947 with the end of the British Raj, the country of Pakistan was created for muslims. Much violence resulted, still some issues today.

British Raj

Period of control

India was treated as a market for British goods and their resources improved the British economy

Gandhi

Peaceful leader of the Indian resistance movement he used ideas like boycotts, ahimsa and civil disobedience he was against the partition of India and was assassinated in January of 1948

Indus river

Supported agriculture and supplied water and other resources in India

Ganges River

It was considered sacred in the Hindu religion. Some people believed that bathing in it was a way to receive forgiveness for something they've done.

Conflict in Kashmir

India Pakistan and China have all fought over this land

Archipelago

A chain of islands. For example Japan is one of them

subcontinent

A large landmass that juts out from a continent

isthimus

A narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses and separates two bodies of water

sepoy rebellion

Hindus and muslims came together in India to fight the British the British were ignoring their cultural beliefs

boxer rebellion

The Chinese fought against foreigners in the country. They wanted to end Western influence. This was put down by Western forces. This led to the eventual downfall of the Qing dynasty.

relationship between india and pakistan today

There have been many efforts made to improve the relationship, but the relations between the countries remain frigid

outsourcing

Sending jobs to another country. The US often sent jobs like telemarketing to India and other places with large populations for cheap labor.

allocation

Distribution of resources

china's geography

It is large in land size but not all liveable. Most live in the eastern third. Surrounded by the Pacific Ocean the Gobi Desert and the Himalayas mountains

Daoism

Chinese philosophy where the yin and yang balance the light and dark in the universe

confucianism

Chinese philosophy developed by Confucius, it focused on bringing order to society. It was based on 5 relationships. Had a strong belief in filial piety which means respect for your parents.

legalism

Philosophy where a ruler must maintain order in society and that people must obey a set of strict laws and those in authority.

Mandate of Heaven

Symbolized that the Chinese ruling family had the support of the gods. Similar to European divine right

Dynastic cycle

The way ruling families in China gained and lost power

The Great Wall of China

Built to protect China from Mongol invasion. It did not work

Ming dynasty

Closed China's doors to foreigners which hurt China in the long run

Yuan dynasty

Foreign dynasty in China. United under Kublai

Qing dynasty

China's last dynasty after they fell china transitioned from an imperial government to a nationalist government.

opium wars

Wars fought between China and Britain over the British supplying opium to the chinese. China lost this exposed how far behind China had become. China was forced to open their doors. They lost Hong Kong they signed many unequal treaties and gave spheres of

Sino-Japanese War

A war was fought between China and Japan. Japan easily defeated China which again showed how weak China had become.

Types of governments in china's history

3 types of government, imperial or dynasty , nationalist government, communist government

long march

Jiang Jieshi tried to rid China of the communists led by mao. Communists fled for over a year

Jiang Jieshi

The leader of nationalist party eventually lost control to Mao and the communists

Mao Zedong

first communist leader of China

communism in China

It officially took over with the establishment of the people's republic of china in 1949 first led by Chairman Mao they embraced the use of communes. No private ownership they discouraged practicing religion and used free education camps

China's period of isolation

China closed its doors in the 15th century during the Ming dynasty and didn't open them until they were forced after the opium wars of the 19th century which was the Qing dynasty. China was self sufficient so they thought it was a good idea. And the European industrial revolution surpassed them.

Tianenman square massacre

Happened in China in 1989 students were protesting for democratic reforms. The government responded with force. There were high casualties.

Great Leap Foward

Mao's attempt to modernize China's industry and agricultural production. It caused a massive famine and led to millions of deaths. It was a huge failure.

Cultural revolution

Mao's attempt to make China's youth more appreciative of communism. He created the red guard and targeted the four pals eventually got out of hand and the military had to restore order.

China's government and economy today

Socially china is communist economically they are capitalist. They have the second-largest economy in the world.

Shinto

A religion found in Japan. Shinto shrines can be found all over Japan, polytheistic and methods of worship varied

Samurai

Japanese warriors during feudalism

code of bushido

Code of conduct followed in Japan, especially by the samurai. One point was to never dishonor your country.

Seppuku

Samurai would be expected to take their own lives after losing a battle this was connected to the code of bushido

Japan's role in WWII

Looked to expand their land for resources and living space started by taking over Manchuria and parts of China. Engaged the US in war with the attack of Pearl Harbor. And two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

tokyo

Capital City in japan

Japan's economic miracle

After the destruction of World War 2. Japan was not allowed to have a military. Put all efforts in resources into rebuilding their economy which led it to become one of the strongest in the world.

Japanese imperialism in the 1900s

Expanded into mainland Asia out of a need for resources and land space.

Cultural borrowing in Asia

Due to location japan china and the Koreas share some cultural norms

What happened on October 7, 2023 in Israel?

Hamas invaded Israel and took more than 200 people hostage. Israel has retaliated since.

Yitzak Rabin

Israeli prime minister in 1990's who came closest to establishing peace however he was assassinated

Benjamin Netanyahu

Current prime minister in Israel

Hamas

The group that controls Palestine today. United states designated them as a terrorist organization.

Modern War in Ukraine

Ukraine was invaded by Russia in february of 2022. It is still ongoing. The US supports ukraine but not with soldiers.

russia

ukraine

germany

united states

brazil

what country is this

india

venezuela

what country is this

israel

the middle east

which religion followed caste system

Hinduism

India's Geography

subcontinent

which is not a natural boundary of china

The Great Wall of China

Japan's geography

archipelago, lacks resources, lots of mountains