US History 1 Honors -holub

"What was the goal of the 'Return to Normalcy' policy after WWI?"

"To restore prewar life by reducing government involvement and focusing on domestic stability."

"What is 'Isolationism' in U.S. foreign policy during the 1920s?"

"Avoiding international conflicts and focusing on domestic issues."

"What was the cultural significance of the Harlem Renaissance?"

"A movement celebrating African American culture, fostering racial pride and identity."

"What was the conflict between modernity and tradition in the 1920s?"

• Traditionalists:

  These individuals held strong respect for long-held cultural and religious values, viewing them as anchors of order and stability. They often favored rural communities and traditional family structures. 

• Modernists:

  Modernists embraced new ideas, styles, and social trends, such as the rise of jazz music, flappers, and the consumer culture. They were often found in urban centers, where they could more readily experience and participate in these changes. 

"What was the Scopes Trial?"

"A 1925 court case debating evolution in schools, symbolizing science vs. religion."

"What did the 18th Amendment and Volstead Act do?"

"Prohibited alcohol and enforced Prohibition to reduce consumption."

"Describe the impact of the Immigration Act of 1924."

"It limited immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia based on quotas from the 1890 census, reflecting nativist fears and a desire to preserve American demographics."

"Explain the Red Scare and its connection to the Sacco and Vanzetti Trial."

"The Red Scare was a fear of communism that led to distrust of immigrants; the Sacco and Vanzetti Trial reflected these fears, as the two Italian immigrants were accused of anarchist activities."

"Describe the causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash."

"The crash was caused by speculation, buying on margin, overproduction, underconsumption, and income inequality, revealing underlying economic weaknesses."

"Explain the economic impact of the Great Depression on unemployment rates."

"Unemployment rose to nearly 25% by 1933, remaining high until the onset of WWII, despite some decline due to New Deal programs."

"Define 'Nativism' as it appeared in the 1920s."

"Nativism was the belief in protecting the interests of native-born citizens, leading to policies that limited immigration and promoted traditional American values."

"Describe the social and cultural shifts associated with the rise of the 'New Woman' and Flappers."

"The 'New Woman' and Flappers represented women embracing independence, new fashion, and social freedoms, challenging traditional gender roles."

"Explain the significance of the rise of Fundamentalism in the 1920s."

"Fundamentalism emphasized strict adherence to religious beliefs, opposing modern scientific ideas like evolution, and influencing cultural conflicts."

"Describe the main features of the 1920s' political climate."

"The political climate was characterized by a desire for stability, conservatism, anti-reform sentiments, and a focus on returning to prewar norms."

"Explain the term 'speculation' in the context of the 1929 stock market boom."

"Speculation involved risky investments based on the expectation that stock prices would continue to rise, contributing to the market bubble."

"Describe the social reaction to the cultural conflicts of the 1920s."

"Society was divided, with some embracing modernity and others resisting change, leading to events like the Scopes Trial and the rise of fundamentalism."

"What was Hoover's belief about individual responsibility during the Great Depression?"

"He believed in rugged individualism, meaning people should help themselves and not rely on the government."

"What organization did Hoover create to aid big businesses, and whom did it primarily help?"

"He created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), which primarily helped big businesses, not individuals."

"What was a major cause of the Dust Bowl, and what was one of its significant consequences?"

"The Dust Bowl was caused by over-farming and drought, leading to massive migrations west, especially to California."

"Describe the main goals of the New Deal."

"The New Deal aimed for Relief, Recovery, and Reform to address the economic crisis and social issues caused by the Great Depression."

"How did FDR connect with citizens during his presidency?"

"He used Fireside Chats to directly communicate with citizens and build confidence."

"List three major programs introduced under the New Deal and their purposes."

"CCC – Jobs for young men in conservation; WPA – Public works jobs like roads and arts; TVA – Rural electrification and infrastructure."

"What was the purpose of the FDIC?"

"To insure bank deposits and promote confidence in the banking system."

"What did the SEC regulate?"

"The stock market."

"Explain the goal of the AAA during the New Deal."

"To pay farmers to reduce production in order to raise crop prices and stabilize the agricultural economy."

"What was the purpose of the National Recovery Administration (NRA)?"

"To set business codes to stimulate the economy."

"Describe the Social Security Act and its significance."

"It provided pensions for the elderly and aid for the unemployed and disabled, establishing a social safety net."

"What rights did the Wagner Act (1935) protect?"

"It protected workers’ rights to unionize and bargain collectively, strengthening labor unions in the long term."

"Who was Huey Long and what was his alternative to the New Deal?"

"Huey Long was a politician who proposed 'Share Our Wealth,' advocating for more radical wealth redistribution."

"What challenge did the Supreme Court pose to the New Deal?"

"It struck down parts of the New Deal, leading FDR to propose his court-packing plan."

"What concerns arose regarding the expansion of government during the New Deal?"

"Concerns about government overreach and excessive intervention in the economy and society."

"What do the bricks labeled 'relief, recovery, reform' in political cartoons symbolize?"

"They symbolize the goals of the New Deal programs."

"Describe the tension between tradition and modernity in the 1920s and 1930s."

"It was seen in gender roles, religion, science, race relations, and immigration, reflecting societal shifts."

"How did the role of government change from the 1920s to the 1930s?"

"The 1920s favored laissez-faire policies with minimal intervention, while the 1930s saw an active government role in economic recovery and social welfare."

"Describe the concept of 'Return to Normalcy' after World War I."

"'Return to Normalcy' was a campaign slogan used by Warren G. Harding, emphasizing a return to pre-World War I conditions of peace, stability, and economic prosperity, moving away from progressive reforms and international involvement."

"Explain the significance of the Harlem Renaissance."

"The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s, celebrating African American culture and contributing to the broader American cultural landscape."

"Define Flappers and their role in 1920s society."

"Flappers were young women in the 1920s known for their energetic freedom, rebellious attitude, and fashion choices like short skirts and bobbed hair, symbolizing the changing social norms for women."

"Describe Prohibition and the 18th Amendment."

"Prohibition was the nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages, established by the 18th Amendment, aiming to reduce crime and corruption but leading to illegal speakeasies and bootlegging."

"Explain the purpose of Speakeasies during Prohibition."

"Speakeasies were illegal bars or clubs where people could secretly purchase and consume alcohol during Prohibition, often hidden behind unmarked doors or passwords."

"Define Fundamentalism in the context of the 1920s."

"Fundamentalism was a religious movement emphasizing strict adherence to traditional beliefs and literal interpretation of the Bible, often opposing modernist ideas and scientific theories like evolution."

"Describe the significance of the Scopes Trial."

"The Scopes Trial of 1925 was a legal case that debated the teaching of evolution in schools, highlighting the conflict between science and religious fundamentalism in America."

"Explain the Immigration Act of 1924."

"The Immigration Act of 1924 limited immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asian immigrants, reflecting nativist and racist attitudes of the time."

"Define the Red Scare and its impact on American society."

"The Red Scare was a fear of communist influence and radical leftist ideas, leading to government raids, deportations, and suppression of political dissent during the early 20th century."

"Describe the Stock Market Crash of 1929."

"The Stock Market Crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression, characterized by a rapid decline in stock prices, widespread financial panic, and economic collapse."

"Explain buying on margin and its role in the 1929 crash."

"Buying on margin involved purchasing stocks with borrowed money, which amplified investment risks and contributed to the stock market bubble and subsequent crash."

"Describe Hoovervilles and their significance during the Great Depression."

"Hoovervilles were makeshift shantytowns built by homeless Americans during the Great Depression, named derisively after President Hoover, symbolizing economic hardship and government inaction."

"Explain the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation."

"The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a government agency established to provide financial support to banks, industries, and other institutions to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression."

"Describe the Dust Bowl and its effects."

"The Dust Bowl was a severe environmental disaster in the 1930s caused by drought and poor farming practices, leading to massive dust storms, crop failures, and mass migration from the Great Plains."

"Explain the significance of Fireside Chats."

"Fireside Chats were radio broadcasts by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to communicate directly with Americans, explaining policies and reassuring the public during the Great Depression."

"Define Relief, Recovery, and Reform in the context of the New Deal."

"Relief aimed to help the unemployed and poor, Recovery sought to restore economic stability, and Reform involved changing financial systems to prevent future depressions."

"Describe the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)."

"The CCC was a New Deal program that employed young men in environmental conservation projects like planting trees, building parks, and preventing soil erosion."

"Explain the Works Progress Administration (WPA)."

"The WPA was a New Deal agency that created jobs through public works projects such as building roads, bridges, schools, and arts programs to combat unemployment."

"Define the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)."

"The AAA was a New Deal legislation that aimed to boost agricultural prices by reducing crop production through government payments to farmers."

"Describe the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)."

"The TVA was a New Deal agency that developed the Tennessee River Valley through flood control, reforestation, and the generation of hydroelectric power."

"Explain the Social Security Act."

"The Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children, providing financial security for Americans."

"Describe the Wagner Act."

"The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, protected workers' rights to organize, join labor unions, and bargain collectively."

"Explain the purpose of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)."

"The SEC was created to regulate the stock market, enforce securities laws, and protect investors from fraud and manipulation."

"Describe the National Recovery Administration (NRA)."

"The NRA was a New Deal agency that aimed to stimulate economic recovery by establishing fair codes of competition, setting wages, and reducing destructive competition."

"Explain the Court-Packing Plan."

"The Court-Packing Plan was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court to obtain favorable rulings for New Deal legislation, which was widely criticized."

"Describe Huey Long and his political stance."

"Huey Long was a populist senator known for his 'Share Our Wealth' program, advocating wealth redistribution and criticizing the New Deal for not doing enough for the poor."

"Define Rugged Individualism."

"Rugged Individualism is a philosophy emphasizing self-reliance, personal responsibility, and minimal government intervention in economic affairs."

"Explain speculation in the stock market."

"Speculation involved buying stocks with the hope of quick profits, often leading to inflated prices and contributing to the 1929 stock market crash."

"Describe Breadlines and their role during the Great Depression."

"Breadlines were queues of unemployed people waiting for free food provided by charities or the government during the Great Depression, symbolizing widespread poverty."

"Define Labor Unions and their significance in the 20th century."

"Labor Unions are organizations of workers formed to protect their rights, improve working conditions, and negotiate wages and benefits with employers."