Chapter 5: How Cells Work

metabolic pathway

multistep sequence of chemical reactions

photosynethesis

process that creates energy in the form of glucose from its environment

cellular respiration

process that creates usable energy in the form of ATP from glucose

metabolism

all the chemical reactions involved in the capture, storage, and use of energy by living organisms

anabolism

energy-requiring synthesis reactions

catabolism

energy-releasing breakdown reactions

energy carriers

molecules that store energy and deliver it for cellular activities (like ATP, NADPH, FADH2)

light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (calvin cycle)

photosynthesis stages

light, water, NADP+, ADP

light reaction inputs

oxygen, ATP, NADPH

light reaction outputs

light reaction

CO2, ATP, NADPH

calvin cycle inputs

Glucose, ADP, NADP+

calvin cycle outputs

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosporylation

cellular respiration stages

glucose, NAD+, ADP

glycolysis inputs

Pyruvate, NADH, ATP

glycolysis outputs

cytoplasm

glycolysis location

pyruvate, NAD+, FAD, ADP

Krebs inputs

CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

Krebs outputs

matrix

Krebs cycle location

O2, NADH, FADH2, ADP

oxidative phosphorylation inputs

H2O, NAD+, FAD, ATP, heat

oxidative phosphorylation outputs

inner membrane

oxidative phosphorylation location

oxidative phosphorylation

fermentation

converts the products of glycolysis into alcohol or lactic acid to regenerate the NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue int he absence of oxygen

rubisco

enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle