Chemistry Grades 10–12 Comprehensive Review

This flashcard set covers the foundational topics of the high school chemistry curriculum, including the states of matter, atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, the periodic table, and organic chemistry.

Carbon

Organic chemistry is specifically the study of compounds containing __________ and its components.

Ions

The three basic units of matter are identified as atoms, __________, and molecules.

Cohesive

In solids, particles are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction known as __________ forces.

Sublimation

The direct change of state from a solid to a gas without entering the liquid state is called __________.

Raising / Lowering

The presence of impurities in a substance typically has the effect of __________ the boiling point and __________ the melting point.

Random

Brownian motion is defined as the continuous __________ motion of particles, primarily observed in gases and liquids.

$$Kelvin$$

In the laboratory, the standard SI unit used for measuring temperature is the __________.

0.1$cm^3$

A burette is used for accurate measurements of liquid volumes and typically has an accuracy of __________.

Distillation

The process of vaporizing a liquid and subsequently condensing the vapour is known as __________.

Chemical

An atom is defined as the smallest particle of an element that can participate in a __________ reaction.

$$Protons$$

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that possess the same number of __________ but a different number of neutrons.

$$Transfer$$

Ionic bonding is characterized by the __________ of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.

$$n = \frac{m}{MM}$$

The formula used to calculate the number of moles ($n$) based on mass ($m$) and molar mass ($MM$) is __________.

$$6.02 \times 10^{23}$$

Avogadro's number, which represents the number of particles in one mole of a substance, is __________.

Periods

In the periodic table, the horizontal rows of elements are referred to as __________.

Alkali Metals

Group I elements are commonly known by the special name __________.

Halogens

Elements in Group VII of the periodic table are referred to as __________, meaning 'salt formers'.

Proton

According to chemical definitions, an acid acts as a __________ donor.

Neutralization

A reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water only is called __________.

Amphoteric

Oxides that exhibit both acidic and basic properties, such as Zinc oxide, are classified as __________ oxides.

Precipitation

The formation of an insoluble solid when two solutions are mixed is a process called __________.

Oxidation

In terms of electron transfer, __________ is defined as the loss of electrons from a substance.

Catalyst

A chemical substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed is a __________.

Iron

The specific catalyst used in the Haber process for the industrial manufacture of ammonia is __________.

Electrolysis

The decomposition of a chemical compound (electrolyte) using an electric current is called __________.

$$96500\,C/mol$$

In Faraday's laws of electrolysis, the value of one Faraday is equal to __________.

Galvanizing

The process of coating iron with Zinc to prevent rusting is called __________.

Bauxite

The primary ore from which aluminium is extracted via electrolysis is __________.

Carbon Monoxide

The gaseous reducing agent responsible for reducing iron oxide in a blast furnace is __________.

Chlorine

During the purification of water at water works, __________ is added to kill remaining bacteria.

Isomers

Compounds that share the same molecular formula but have different structural arrangements are known as __________.

Polymerization

The chemical process of joining many small monomer units to form a large macromolecule is called __________.