Medterms GI system

what is gastroenterology?

study of the digestive system

what is the specialist called?

gastroenterologist

list parts of the alimentary canal

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

mechanical vs chemical digestion

mechanical= physically breaks down food (mouth, stomach)

chemical= enzymes change molecules (mouth, stomach, small intestine)

functions of the digestive system

DIGESTA. digestion, ingestion, grinding, elimination, secretion, transport, absorption

3 types of propulsion?

deglutition (swallowing), peristalsis (waves), segmentation (mixing)

amylase function

breaks starch

lipase function

breaks fat

lysozyme

kills bacteria

what is mastication

chewing

function of the esophagus

moves food to stomach by peristalsis

what blocks food from nose

soft palate/uvula

what blocks food from the trachea

epiglottis

lower esophageal sphincter function

stops stomach acid from going up

4 areas of the stomach?

CFBP: come for big pizza

CFBP: cardia fungus body pylorus

what is gastric mucosa

inner lining that produces mucus + enzymes

what are rugae

folds that let the stomach stretch

pyloric sphincter function

controls food entering small intestine

hydrochloric acid (HCl) function

kills bacteria + activates enzymes

pepsin function

digests proteins

intrinsic factor function

helps absorb vitamin b12

liver function

makes bile; detoxifies blood

gallbladder funciton

stores and releases bile

pancreas funciton

makes enzymes + sodium bicarbonate

protease function

breaks down protein

what is emulsification

bile breaking fat into small droplets

sodium bicarbonate (HCl) purpose?

neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine

4 layers of the alimentary canal

MSMS: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

what receives liver/gallbladder/pancreas secretions?

duodenum

duodenum, jejunum, ileum differences

duodenum= digestion

jejunum= absorption

ileum= absorbs leftovers (B12 + bile)

D-digestion, J-juicy nutrients, I-i’ll take what’s left

purpose of villi

increase absorption surface area

where does digestion occur

mouth, stomach, small intestine

5 parts of the large intestine

CATDS

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

purpose of bacteria in the large intestine

make vitamins K & B important for blood clotting/metabolism

where does absorption happen?

stomach (little), small intestine (main), large intestine (water)

organs involved in elimination

rectum (stores feces), anus, (releases feces)

jaundice

• Symptoms: yellow skin/eyes

• Cause: too much bilirubin

• Treatment: treat liver/gallbladder blockage

peptic ulcers

• Symptoms: burning stomach pain

• Cause: H. pylori bacteria, NSAIDs

• Treatment: antibiotics + acid blockers

gastroenteritis

• Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea

• Cause: virus (“stomach flu”)

• Treatment: fluids, rest

lactose intolerance

• Symptoms: gas, bloating, diarrhea after dairy

• Cause: no lactase enzyme

• Treatment: avoid dairy, take lactase pills

food poisoning

• Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, cramps

• Cause: bacteria toxins in food

• Treatment: fluids, rest