mental health exam 1 study

Mental health is your ability to:

• Think clearly

• Handle stress

• Build relationships

• Learn and grow

• Function in daily life

Good mental health helps people work, learn, maintain relationships, and enjoy life.

Mental Illness

Mental illness is a health condition involving changes in:

• Emotions

• Thinking

• Behavior

It causes distress and interferes with daily functioning.

Mental Illness Causes/Risk Factors

There is no single cause.

Factors include:

• Trauma

• Abuse

• Genetics

• Brain chemistry imbalance

• Substance use

• Medical illnesses

• Loneliness and isolation

• Stressful life events [

Mental Health Disorders

A mental health disorder is a diagnosable condition based

on specific symptoms

Mental Health Disorders - Major Categories

Major Categories

• Anxiety disorders

• Trauma disorders

• Dissociative disorders

• Personality disorders

• Mood disorders

• Schizophrenia disorders

• Neurocognitive disorders

• Neurodevelopmental disorders

• Eating disorders

• Substance use disorders

Mental Health Continuum

Mental health is not all-or-nothing.

People move back and forth on a continuum between wellness and illness

Five Zones - 1. Excelling

Highest level of wellness.

• Motivated

• Successful

• Strong relationships

• Handles stress well

2. Thriving

Healthy coping skills.

• Stress occurs but is managed.

• Good daily functioning.

3. Surviving

Beginning to struggle.

• Nervous

• Irritable

• Distracted

• Withdrawn

4. Struggling

Mental health affecting daily life

• anxiety

• Depression

• Poor concentration

• Low energy

5. Crisis

Emergency situation.

• Severe symptoms

• Irrational thinking

• Cannot function normally

• Possible suicidal thoughts

4. Wellness-Illness Model

Three areas:

Well-being

Neutral

Disability

Well-being

• Healthy

• Stress managed

• Growth occurring

Neutral

• No illness symptoms

• Can still function

Disability

• Mental illness present

• Significant functional difficulties

5. Diathesis-Stress Model

Diathesis =

predisposition (genetic risk)

Stress =

environmental trigger

Mental illness often develops when

a person with a predisposition experiences significant stress.

Mental illness often develops when a person with a predisposition experiences significant stress. [exam 1 mental health | PDF]

Example:

• Family history of depression (diathesis)

• Loss of a loved one (stress)

• Depression develops

6. Social Determinants of Mental Health (SDOMH)

Conditions in life that affect mental health.

6. Social Determinants of Mental Health (SDOMH) - Risk Factors

• Lack of social support

• Poverty

• Food insecurity

• Unemployment

• Poor housing

• Poor education

• Limited access to healthcare

• Unsafe neighborhoods

• Childhood trauma

6. Social Determinants of Mental Health (SDOMH) Protective Factors

• Supportive family

• Community resources

• Quality healthcare

• Education

• Stable housing

7. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic childhood experiences that increase risk for mental illness later in life

ACE Examples

• Physical abuse

• Emotional abuse

• Sexual abuse

• Physical neglect

• Emotional neglect

• Domestic violence

• Divorce

• Family member with mental illness

• Family member with substance use disorder

• Family member in prison

Effects of ACEs

Higher risk for:

• Depression

• Anxiety

• Substance abuse

• Suicide

• Poor school performance

• Chronic diseases later in life

8. Trauma-Informed Care

Care that recognizes past trauma affects current behavior.

Trauma-Informed Care Main ideas:

• Safety

• Trust

• Peer support

• Collaboration

• Empowerment

• Cultural sensitivity

9. Stigma

A negative attitude toward people with mental illness.

Types of Stigma

Public Stigma

Self-Stigma

Institutional Stigma

Public Stigma

Negative attitudes from society.

Example: "People with schizophrenia are dangerous."

Self-Stigma

Person believes negative stereotypes about themselves.

Example: "I'm weak because I have depression."

Institutional Stigma

Organizations create barriers.

Example: Insurance covering medical care but not psychiatric care

Implicit Bias

Unconscious bias.

Example: Avoiding a schizophrenia patient without realizing why.

Explicit Bias

Intentional discrimination.

Example: Making negative comments about a person with depression.

11. DSM-5-TR

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

 DSM-5-TR Purpose:

• Diagnoses mental disorders

• Provides criteria for disorders

• Standard language for healthcare providers

It does NOT tell you how to treat disorders.

Nursing Core Values

Trust

Inclusiveness

Innovation

Empowerment

Trust

Be honest and dependable.

Inclusiveness

Respect diversity.

Innovation

Be open to new ideas.

Empowerment

Help clients participate in decisions.