APHUG Unit 2

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Sex Ratio

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34 Terms

1

Sex Ratio

The proportion of males to females in a given population. It is typically expressed as the number of males per 100 females. Number of males/number of females X100

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2

Dependency Ratio

Used to assess the ratio of dependents (people who are typically not in the workforce) to the working-age population. Number of dependents/working-age populationX100

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3

Crude Birth Rate

The number of live births per year per 1,000 people.

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4

Crude Death Rate

The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people.

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5

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

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6

Infant Mortality Rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

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7

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

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8

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land.

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9

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

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10

Carrying Capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

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11

Natural Increase Rate

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

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12

Doubling Time

The time required for a population to double in size. 70 / rate of natural increase.

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13

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

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14

Epidemiological Transition Model

The theory that says that there is a distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition model. It can help explain how a country's population changes so dramatically.

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15

Malthusian Theory

Suggests that population growth will inevitably grow faster than food production, leading to widespread famine, disease, and other negative consequences.

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16

Boserup Theory

Humans will always find a way to increase food production to feed growing populations.

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17

Neo-Malthusians

People who believe that a growing population can lead to ecological and humanitarian disasters, and that population control is necessary to ensure the survival of the human race.

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18

Pro-Natalist Policies

The policy or practice of encouraging the bearing of children, especially government support of a higher birthrate.

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19

Anti-Natalist Policies

Government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase

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20

Intervening obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

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21

Intervenening opportunity

An opportunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling.

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22

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.

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23

Forced Migration

Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors

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24

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

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25

Transnational Migration

Migration from one country to another country.

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26

Internal Migration

Migrants that travel within a country's borders.

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27

Transhumance

A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures

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28

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

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29

Step Migration

Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city.

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30

Rural to Urban Migration

Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area.

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31

Guest Worker Migration

Migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers - typically a short period of time because the jobs cannot be filled by a country's own labor force.

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32

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

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33

Internally Displaced Persons

People who have been displaced within their own countries and do not cross international borders as they flee.

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34

Asylum Seekers

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

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