sociology quiz 1

folkways

“weak” norms that specify expectations about proper behavior

mores

“strong” norms that specify normal behaviors and demands - just not expectations (law)

norms

social roles - tell people how to behave

• different types of norms- folkways and mores

ethnocentrism

judging another culture by one’s own standards - they think their culture is better than everyone else’s

cultural relativism

the belief that a culture must be understand on its own term

how are social norms learned

they are learned by observing them

subcultures

a culture within a larger culture

counterculture

a subculture with degrees in some way with larger society

values

society shared ideas about what is good , desirable or important

material culture traits

tangible objects (physical, objects, artifacts)

non-material culture traits

knowledge, beliefs, norms, values

positive sanctions

rewards

ex) if you come home by 11 you will get 20 dollars

negative sanctions

punishment

ex) if you come home past 11 you will get grounded for one week

ascribed status

given to us independently of what we do (ancient India) - catle system

achieved status

result from what we do - we earn them in some way - class (USA)

role strain

stress caused by indicatable demands from the roles of single status

roll conflict

when we are expected to play two conflicting roles at the same time

formal sanctions

official penalty or reward imposed by an authority to enforce rules, laws, or social norms

informal sanctions

an unofficial social response used to encourage conformity or discourage deviance