Heating the Atmosphere

Conduction

transfer of thermal energy between objects when their particles collide; substances must be in contact

Occurs more easily in ______ and _____ because their particles are closer together than in gases

Solids, liquids

Conduction takes place between earth’s ______ and the ______ layer of the atmosphere (______!)

Surface, lowest, troposphere

Convection

transfer of heat by the flow of a heated substance
EX: water boiling on a stove

Air near the equator is _____ by the sun, it will _____ (because it’s less dense), once it reaches the poles it will cool and ____ (more dense) back down to the equator

Heated, rise, sink

Radiation

Thermal energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves
Ex: heat from a fire

Sun transfers _____ energy to the sun

thermal

Places at _____ altitudes have ____ temperatures than places at ____ altitudes

Higher, cooler, lower

Some radiant energy is _____ some gets ______

absorbed, reflected

about ___ is absobed

50%

About 30% is ______ through substances like air and water

transmitted

about ___ is reflected

20%

Light colored things will ____ more

reflect

Dark color things will ____ more

absorb

Urban areas with lots of concrete and buildings are warmer than the natural areas around them

Urban Heat Islands

Materials like asphalt, metal, etc _____ lots of light and get _____

absorb, very hot

Buildings trap ____ and make it _____ for the warm air to escape

heat, harder

______ trap heat from the sun

Gases

Reflect back on the atmosphere and ______ back to us on earth

____ the planet to livable conditions

Warms