Helps keep organism in favourable conditions + survive
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taxis
Innate movement response toward or away from a directional stimulus.
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kinesis/kineses
Innate movement response to external non-directional stimulus
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orthokinesis
The speed of an animal is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus causing the movement
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klinokinesis
Orientation response in which the strength of the stimulus determines the rate of turning
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taxis and kinesis
Simple, random responses that can maintain a mobile organism in a favourable environment over short distances
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homing
The ability of an animal to find its way home over unfamiliar territory
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purpose of homing
daily process of returning home after looking for food and foraging so that they don't get lost
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topographical memory
navigation system using visual cues like landmarks, seas, rivers, mountains etc
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magnetic navigation
utilising Earth's magnetic field to navigate
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stellar navigation
navigation at night using a 'star compass' by orientating to star patterns such as the constellations
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solar navigation
using the Sun as a compass as it moves across the sky from east to west during the day. By maintaining a set angle with the sun, the animal is able to move in a straight line
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sonar (sound navigation and ranging)
a system that uses acoustic signals and echo returns to determine the location of objects or to communicate
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chemical scent navigation
navigation using familiar scents and smells
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migration
innate behaviour involving mass movement (usually annually or seasonal basis) over long distances to a predetermined locaiton
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cyclical migration
migration that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally; ie. migrants eventually return to origin
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one way migration
migration that involves leaving the home range for a new location and never returning to the original home range eg. migrants die at the end of migration
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photoperiod - length of day/daylight
external migration cue
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shifting seasons (ie. temperature changes or precipitation levels change)
external migration cue
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food and water availability
external migration cue
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circadian rhythm - internal calendar in animal's nervous system; innate
internal migration cue
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fat reserves
internal migration cue; may cue when fat reserve low in order to find food to build it up again
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sexual maturity
innate migration cue; may trigger desire to migrate to breeding grounds
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feeding lots to build fat reserve
migration preparation
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changing feathers to suit flight
migration prep
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getting lost
migration disadvantage
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dying before completing energy (ie. fat reserve run out => no energy)
Studied by 1 person
