Chapter 1

Cross-sectional data

Data collected at the same or \n approximately the same point in time

Time series data

data collected over different time periods

\
response variable

variable of interest, explanation variable, dependent variable

Independent variables

Related to the variable of interest and will be measured

Population

A set of all elements about which we wish to draw conclusions

Census

An examination all of the population of measuremen

Sample

A subset of the elements of a population

Descriptive Statistics/ Statistical Inference

The science of describing the important aspects of a set of measurements

Process

a sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them \n into outputs

Finite population

a population of limited size

Infinite population

a population of unlimited size

Nominative

A qualitative variable for which there is no meaningful ordering, or ranking, of the categories

Ordinal

A qualitative variable for which there is a meaningful ordering, or ranking, of the categories

Ratio

Quantitative data with differences between measurements, true zero exists

Interval

Can only meaningfully compare values by the interval between them, not true zero